Wikipedia

List of equipment of the South African Army

For a list of all military equipment of South Africa, see List of equipment of the South African National Defence Force.

This is a list of equipment of the South African Army. It includes equipment such as small arms, combat vehicles, explosives, missile systems, engineering vehicles, logistical vehicles, artillery, air defence systems, as well as future equipment. Due to how large and secretive the South African Army is, it is currently almost impossible to calculate all equipment in the army.

Infantry equipment edit

Name Image Origin Type Calibre Details
Handguns
Vektor Z88[1]     South Africa Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum 15-round magazine. License-built Beretta 92F. Standard issue side arm since 1989 alongside the SP1.
Vektor SP1     South Africa Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum 15-round magazine. Standard issue side arm alongside the Z88 since 1992.
Submachine guns
Milkor BXP[2]     South Africa Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum 22 or 32-round magazines. An indigenously designed 9mm submachine gun similar in appearance to the MAC-10. In service since 1984.
HK MP5[3]     Germany Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum 30 or 40-round magazines. Used by the SOSF and peacekeepers.
Assault rifles & Battle rifles
Vektor R4[4]  

 

  South Africa Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO 35-round or 50-round magazines. Standard Service rifle since 1980.

Many of the R4 and R5 rifles were modernized in 2010 throughout Project African Warrior for the South African Army's Soldier Modernization Programme.

The updated version of the rifle has a folding/collapsible stock, railed handguard, and side-mounted rail and comes equipped with the Trijicon ACOG TA11 or other optical sights, foregrips and grenade launchers.[5]

Vektor R5[4]     South Africa Carbine rifle 5.56×45mm NATO 35-round magazine carbine version of the Vektor R4.
Vektor R1[6]     South Africa Designated marksman rifle 7.62×51mm NATO 20-round magazine. Former service rifle of the South African Army. Remaining rifles in service are used in and anti-poaching patrols and others made into designated marksman rifles.[7]
Precision rifles
Denel NTW-20[8]     South Africa Anti-materiel rifle 20×82mm 14.5×114mm 3-round magazine. In service since 1998 by the South African Special Forces and Army Infantry sniper sections. Comes equipped with the 8 × 56 Lynx Telescopic sight.
Truvelo CMS[9]     South Africa Sniper rifle .338 Lapua .50 BMG 7.62x51mm NATO CMS (Counter Measure Sniper Rifle).

Standard-issue sniper rifle in service since 2018 comes equipped with 5-round or 10-round magazines.

Shotguns
Stoeger SP312[10]     Turkey Pump-action shotgun 12 gauge Used for crowd control.
Machine guns
Vektor SS-77[11]     South Africa General-purpose machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO Belt-fed GPMG in service since 1986 alongside the FN MAG.

100-round pear-shaped pouch in general use, 200-round rigid box. Can use both non-disintegrating DM1 and NATO M13 or R1M1 disintegrating link belts.

FN MAG[12]     Belgium General-purpose machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO Belt-fed GPMG. Main automatic weapon of dismounted infantry sections.

100-round pear-shaped pouches in general use and 200-round disintegrating link metal belts. Can be mounted on a Tripod as well as vehicles.

Browning MG4[11]     United States
  South Africa 		Medium machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO M1919A4 Browning Medium Machine gun modified by Lyttleton Engineering Works, now Denel Land Systems, to fire the 7.62×51mm round.

It is Belt fed and generally fitted to armoured and infantry vehicles as well as certain helicopters as a secondary or tertiary armament.

M2 Browning[11]     United States   South Africa Heavy machine gun .50 BMG Belt fed machine gun mainly mounted on Tripods, armoured and infantry vehicles.
Grenade launchers
Milkor MGL[13][14]     South Africa Grenade launcher 40×46mm Variants used by the Army include the Milkor Y2 which was in service since 1983 and the Y4 SuperSix in service since 2019. 6-round revolving, swing out-type cylinder. Comes equipped with optical sights.
Denel Y3 AGL[13]     South Africa Grenade machine gun 40×53mm HV A belt-fed, high velocity, long-recoil, open-breech automatic grenade launcher in service with a fire rate of 360 to 425 rounds per minute.

Ideally used as a tripod-mounted support weapon for infantry or mounted on a vehicle. Electronic indirect sight and Aim point direct sight can be mounted.

Anti-tank weapons
RPG-7[15]     Soviet Union Rocket-propelled grenade launcher 40mm Large numbers of RPG-7s were captured during the mid-1970s and are used as the primary infantry anti-armour rocket launcher and is deployed at section level for use against armoured vehicles.

Currently the Army is looking for a replacement for this ageing system.

AT4[16]     Sweden 84mm smoothbore recoilless rifle 84mm In testing as replacement for RPG-7.
Carl Gustaf M4[16]     Sweden 84mm recoilless rifle 84mm In testing as replacement for RPG-7.
M40 recoilless rifle[15]     United States 105mm recoilless rifle 105mm A direct-fire, crew served weapon issued in units of six to the motorised and airborne infantry anti-tank platoons.
MILAN ER[17]     France Wire-guided anti-tank missile system 115mm 46 Milan ADT (Advanced Digital Technology) launchers as well as 300+[18][19] Milan ER (extended range) SACLOS missiles are in service since 2007[20] with the Army’s airborne and motorised infantry battalions as well as with the Special Forces Brigade. Soldiers train on the four simulators acquired from MBDA.

All systems are equipped with Video output devices and 15 launchers are equipped with Thermal imaging systems.

ZT3 Ingwe[21]     South Africa Beam-riding anti-tank guided missile system 152mm Multipurpose long-range jam-resistant beam-riding guided missile similar to the American BGM-71 TOW and Russian 9M133 Kornet.

The missile is launched from a ground-based launcher and can also be launched from a triple launcher atop a Ratel ZT3 or other vehicles.

The ZT3 Ingwe is operated by the Armoured Corps and the Mechanized infantry battalions.

Grenades
M26[22]     South Africa Fragmentation hand grenade N/A Manufactured by Rheinmetall Denel Munitions, based on a US design. In service with the South African Army Infantry Formation.
RDM Illuminating Hand Grenade[23] No image available   South Africa Hand grenade N/A A grenade which consists of an aluminium case containing the illuminating composition, to which is fitted a conventional fly-off lever striker mechanism. The illuminating grenade provides sufficient light for target identification and attack. The grenade

can also be used as a light source for emergency conditions when other pyrotechnic light sources are not available.

M854 Smoke Grenade[23] No image available   South Africa Smoke grenade N/A A grenade which consists of a cylindrical tinplate body containing the smoke composition, a spring-loaded striker mechanism of the fly-off lever type and a pyrotechnic igniter/delay system. The fly-off lever is retained by a conventional safety pin and pull ring. The grenade has a variety of signalling applications and may also be used for screening and for

training exercises in riot control.

RDM Bullet Trap (BT) Rifle Grenades[24] No image available   South Africa Rifle grenade 54mm (HE/AP), 60mm (HE/DP) Second generation South African rifle grenades manufactured by Rheinmetall Denel Munitions (formerly Swartklip Products, a division of Denel). The grenade incorporates a bullet trap and deflector in the tail tube. This allows them to be fired without the need to unload the rifle of its ammunition. Bullet Trap rifle grenades available includes HE/AP (High Explosive/Anti-Personnel), Practice and HE/DP (High Explosive/Dual Purpose) grenades. The HE/DP type has a shaped charge warhead which can penetrate 150 mm of rolled homogeneous armour or 450 mm of reinforced concrete. Grenades can be fired from both 5.56mm and 7.62mm rifles in the South African arsenal.
75mm HEAT rifle grenade[23] No image available   South Africa Rifle grenade 75mm HEAT A shaped charge grenade, based on the Belgian ENERGA anti-tank rifle grenade and designed to be fired from most 7.62mm rifles. Can penetrate 275 mm of rolled homogeneous armour. Presumably largely phased out of South African service along with the large majority of 7.62mm R1 rifles. No longer in production.

Vehicles edit

Name Image Origin Type Quantity Details

Main battle tanks edit

Olifant[25]     South Africa Main battle tank 70 (Active)

178 (Reserve)

A heavily modified and modernized Centurion tank.
The MK1A tanks were commissioned in 1985, MK1Bs were commissioned in 1991 and the MK2 tanks were commissioned in 2007.[26]
  • ~ 178 MK1A
  • ~ 44 MK1B
  • ~ 26 MK2

The fleet is soon to be replaced by a new MBT in the future through project aorta.[27]

Tank destroyers edit

Rooikat[28]     South Africa Tank destroyer 178 (Active)

62 (Reserve)

Armoured fighting vehicle used for reconnaissance, aggressive search-and-destroy, anti-armour operations, combat patrols, raids, day and night hot pursuit operations.[29]

The Rooikat is armed with a 76mm or 105mm anti-tank gun and also two 7.62mm machine guns, one co-axial to the main armament and one at the commander’s position providing both ground and aerial defence, its countermeasures are 2 x 81mm smoke grenade launchers, mounted in a forward firing position on each side of the turret.[30]

Infantry fighting vehicles edit

Badger IFV[31]     South Africa Infantry fighting vehicle 250 (On order) The Badgers are a new generation of advanced armoured fighting vehicles planned to partially replace the Army's current Ratel IFV fleet over the next decade.[32]

Variants to be fielded by the Army include:

  • Standard variant (armed with a Denel EMAK-30 30mm high explosive Cam Gun)
  • Fire support variant (armed with a Denel EMAK-30 30mm high explosive Cam Gun and 2 x ZT3 Ingwe ATGM launchers)
  • Mortar variant (armed with an advanced 60mm breech-loading mortar with a high rate of fire
  • Tank destroyer variant (armed with 2 x ZT3 Ingwe ATGM launchers and can also be fitted with a 120mm tank destroyer gun)
Ratel IFV[33] Ratel IFV (853):

 

Ratel ZT3 (52):

 

  South Africa Infantry fighting vehicle 550 (Active)

305 (Reserve)

Primary armoured fighting vehicle in service with the South African Mechanized infantry units.[34]

Variants in service include:

  • Ratel 20 (armed with a high explosive Denel GI-2 20mm autocannon with a rate of fire of 700-750 rounds per minute)
  • Ratel 25 (armed with a 25mm TRT-25 RCWS high explosive autocannon similar to that of the Bradley IFV)
  • Ratel 60 (armed with a 60mm breech-loading mortar gun)
  • Ratel 81 (armed with a 81mm long range mortar gun)
  • Ratel 90 (armed with a 90mm GT-2 low-velocity gun to provide additional Anti-Tank capability to the armoured corps)
  • Ratel ZT-3 Tank Destroyer (16 active and 36 in reserve armed with a triple ZT3 Ingwe Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM) turret to provide additional Anti-Tank capability to the armoured corps)[35]

A total of 1,400 units were delivered to the army in all variants, 495 units from army reserve stocks were sold to other countries bringing the total down to 905 units as of 2024.

Armoured personnel carriers edit

MAX 3[36]     South Africa Armoured personnel carrier, MRAP Several units An undisclosed number of 4x4 and 6x6 MAX 3s were acquired from South African Defence Contractor SVI Engineering in early 2024 and delivered to the Joint Operations Division of the SANDF.

These are one of the APCs that will replace the Toyota Land Cruisers used for border patrol. The army is looking to order R500 million worth of APC's / MRAP's from multiple South African armoured vehicle companies to boost its border patrol capabilities and its defence industry by the end of April 2024.[37]

Mamba[38]     South Africa Armoured personnel carrier, MRAP 540 (Active) Mine-resistant APC with significant protection against anti-tank mines and small arms fire.

Mamba Mk2 and Mk3 variants are used by the Army with an undisclosed number of Mamba's in reserve/storage.

Around 100 Mamba APC's in reserve were refurbished and brought back into service at the end of 2023 and assigned to the light modern brigade increasing the amount of active Mamba's from 440 to 540.[39][40]

Mine-resistant ambush protected vehicles edit

Casspir[41][42]     South Africa Infantry mobility vehicle, MRAP 370+ (Active)

1,800 (Reserve)

Infantry mobility vehicle with significant protection against anti-tank mines and small arms fire.

More than 2,800 Casspirs were built in South Africa in multiple variants, around 600 of these were sold to foreign countries.

The Army uses the Casspir Mk3 variant and has around 370 Casspirs in its active inventory, further 1,800 Casspir's are in reserve/storage and an undisclosed number of those vehicles are being operated by the South African Police and Internal security forces.

At the end of 2023 an unspecified number of the Casspir's in reserve were refurbished and added to South African Army active inventory.[43]

RG-31 Charger[44][45]     South Africa Infantry mobility vehicle, MRAP Unknown Infantry mobility vehicle with significant small arms fire and mine blast protection.
Husky[46][47]     South Africa Vehicle mounted mine detection system, MRAP Unknown A system designed to clear routes of mines, usually they operate in pairs one after the other.

The leading vehicle acts as a Mine Detection Vehicle (MDV) and is designated as "Meerkat".

The second Husky in the system tows a trailer called a "Duisendpoot" and is known as a towing /mine detection vehicle (T/MDV). The latest version of the Husky, the 2G, has high sensitivity low metal content detectors, ground penetrating radar, powerful air blowers and a robotic arm.

Engineering and Logistics vehicles edit

Name Image Origin Type Quantity Details
Olifant Armour Recovery[48]     South Africa Armoured recovery vehicle 18
Olifant Armour Bridge Layer[49] No image available   South Africa Armoured vehicle-launched bridge 2
Toyota Land Cruiser Utility [50] No image available   Japan

  South Africa

Utility vehicle 435 Used for border patrol. R500 million will be spent in 2024/25 to replace these vehicles with new mine-resistant APCs.
SAMIL 20[51][52]     South Africa 4×4 logistics truck Several thousand Upgraded Magirus Deutz 130M7FAL 4×4 2-ton (load) truck. The trucks serve as the primary off-road light general purpose truck of the SANDF and comes in several variants, each fulfilling a different role. These include general cargo/fuel/troop transport variants, artillery fire control posts, variants with office and workshop bodies, a battery charger variant, a light recovery variant (designated "Pegasus") and a variant with a Light General Repair(LAD) rear body.
SAMIL 50[53][54]     South Africa 4×4 military logistics truck Several thousand Upgraded Magirus Deutz 192D12AL 4×4 5-ton (load) truck. Trucks are utilised in different roles as personnel/cargo transporters, field repair and maintenance vehicles, water/fuel transporters, field recovery vehicles (variant designated as "Springbok"), refuse collection trucks, mobile showers, mobile offices, bridge transporters, radio and technical bins and pantry vehicles(with refrigeration capability).
SAMIL 100[55]     South Africa 6×6 military logistics truck Several thousand Upgraded Magirus Deutz 320D22AL 6×6 10-ton (load) truck. Trucks are utilised in different roles as personnel/cargo transporters, water/fuel transporters, field recovery vehicles (variant designated as "Kameel"/Mine protected variant designated as "Withings"), dry canteen vehicles, field repair and maintenance vehicles (designated as "Waterbok"), UAV launchers, UAV recovery vehicles and gun tractors (for towed artillery pieces).
Kynos Aljaba Trucks[56]     South Africa 8×8 heavy military logistics truck Several thousand The army employs several variants of this vehicle. The "Skimmel" is a heavy recovery vehicle which is fitted with a tow arm, a winch, a crane and various other equipment. The "Zebra" is a maintenance and repair variant of the truck. The "Kameelperd" version carries the Army Air Defence Artillery's ESR220 Thutlwa mobile battery fire control post and early warning radar. The trucks also have tank transport and bridge layer variants.
MAN Trucks[57]     Germany  South Africa 8x8 heavy military logistics truck Several thousand Primarily utilised as prime movers, firefighting vehicles and low-bed transporters.
Giraffe[58]     Italy 8x8 heavy military logistics truck Unknown Designated as "Giraffe". Used as a cargo/vehicle transporter.
Toyota Dyna[58]

 

  Japan

Medium-duty truck Unknown Designated as "Wildebees"
Scania transport buses     Sweden Personnel transport bus Unknown These buses are used to ferry personnel to and from bases.
Gecko 8×8 ATV[59]     South Africa
  Canada 		All-terrain utility vehicle 100 Used by the Parachute Regiment and Special Forces.
Various cars and light trucks. No image available   South Africa   Japan   United States   United Kingdom Light armoured utility vehicles Unknown Various civilian utility vehicles are utilized by the army for light transport/patrol purposes (primarily Ford, Toyota and Land Rover vehicles).

Artillery edit

Name Image Origin Type Quantity Max Range Details

Rocket artillery edit

Bateleur MRL[60]     South Africa 127 mm self-propelled multiple rocket launcher 25 40 km 127mm standard multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) of the South African Army Artillery Formation. 40 launch tubes mounted on an armoured Samil 100 6×6 truck.
Valkiri MRL[60]     South Africa 127 mm self-propelled multiple rocket launcher 76 40 km 127mm multiple launch rocket system (MLRS). 24 launch tubes mounted on a Unimog light 4×4 truck.

Self-propelled artillery edit

G6 Rhino[61]     South Africa 155 mm self-propelled artillery 43 76 km The G6 Rhino also known as "GV6 Renoster" is a South African 155mm long-range mine-resistant wheeled self-propelled howitzer and is the largest piece of artillery system in the South African Army arsenal, the army originally had 153 in service, but due to the lack of external threats and the end of the Cold War the fleet has been reduced to 43 units.

The G6 Rhino holds the world record of scoring the longest 155mm artillery shot recorded at 76 kilometres making it one of the most accurate artillery systems in the world.[62]

Denel was awarded a contract to modernize / upgrade the Rhino's to the latest G6-52 standard by 2024.[63]

T5-52[64][65]     South Africa 155 mm self-propelled artillery 6 60+ km The T5-52 is a South African truck-mounted self-propelled howitzer and is the latest piece of South African Artillery that was launched in 2018.

6 units of T5-52 SPHs were received from Denel as a replacement for the 6 G5 towed howitzers sold to Saudi Arabia.

The Army plans to acquire more T5-52s if funding is sufficient. The T5-52 is similar to that of the Israeli ATMOS 2000 or Swedish Archer Artillery System.

Towed artillery edit

G5 Leopard[66]     South Africa 155 mm towed howitzer 72 50-60 km The G5 Leopard is a South African long-range 155mm towed howitzer and is the primary piece of towed artillery in the South African Army.

Small amounts of artillery pieces are used by the School of Artillery to train gun crews from multiple regiments.

Denel was awarded a contract to modernize / upgrade the G5 Leopard to the latest G5-52 standard by 2024.[67]

G4 Soltam-M71[68]     Israel

  South Africa

155 mm towed howitzer 32 30 km Long-range towed 155mm howitzer.

32 units were received during the Cold War and these howitzers are now most likely kept in army reserves.

GV1 [69]     United Kingdom 87 mm towed howitzer 30 12 km GV1 88mm guns are still maintained in several reserve regiments such as the Cape Field Artillery regiment and the Transvaal Horse Artillery which they fire on ceremonial occasions.[69]

Mortars edit

M4 Commando Mortar[70][71]     South Africa 60mm light mortar 2300+ 2 km Uses the M-61 series of bombs in High Explosive, Smoke, Illumination and Practice versions.

In use with the Special Forces and Airborne Infantry. Upgraded in 2016 with improved range and accuracy.[72]

M3 Mortar[70]     South Africa 81mm medium mortar 1890 5 km 1890 mortars in service with the South African Army Infantry Formation.
M5 Mortar     Israel 120mm heavy mortar 36 6 km 36 mortars are in service with 18 Light Regiment.

Air defence edit

Name Image Origin Type Quantity Details

Surface-to-air missiles edit

Umkhonto GBADS[73]     South Africa Surface-to-air missile system Unknown Up to 120 systems planned. The Umkhonto GBADS vertical launching system is being developed for the South African Army’s ground-based air defence system (GBADS) requirement. The Umkhonto GBADS can carry up to eight Umkhonto-R and Umkhonto-IR (Infrared) Mk II missiles.
Starstreak[74]     United Kingdom Manportable/Vehicle mounted surface-to-air missile 178 (Active)

92 (On order)

Eight Lightweight Multiple Launchers (LML), two 20 km-range Thales Page continuous-wave (CW) low-observable battery air defence local warning radars as well as about 100 VSHORAD (very short range air defence) high-velocity missiles were ordered in December 2002 and are in use with 10 Air Defence Artillery Regiment. These missiles have a range of between 5–7 km. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute lists the number of Portable SAMs delivered as 96 for the GBADS phase 1 project with another order for 82[75]

Anti-aircraft guns edit

Oerlikon GDF (Skyshield)[76]      Switzerland
  Germany 		Radar guided 35mm anti-aircraft autocannon 169 169 acquired (along with 75 Super Fledermaus fire control units) These guns were upgraded by Rheinmetall AG in 2017 to use Oerlikon Skyshield fire control systems and Ahead airburst ammunition capable of shooting down modern aerial threats.[77]
ZU-23-2 Zumlac[78]     Soviet Union Twin 23mm anti-aircraft autocannon 36 These guns were captured in the 1980s during the South African Border War and are mounted on armoured SAMIL 100 heavy trucks.

Miscellaneous equipment edit

Name Image Origin Type Number Details
Seeker 400[79]     South Africa Unmanned aerial vehicle 36 The Seeker 400 is the latest variant of the Seeker UAVs manufactured by South Africa's Denel Dynamics. SANDF Took delivery of the first Seeker 400 in 2015, in 2021 a SANDF Seeker 400 crashed.[80]
ATE Vulture[81]     South Africa Unmanned aerial vehicle 4 Acquired under Project Klooster. The Vulture is used for target acquisition, fall-of-shot detection and fire correction in support of Towed and Self Propelled Gun Howitzer Systems of the SA Army Artillery Formation. It operates without a pilot or a runway and is deployable in 30 minutes in unprepared terrain. The UAV is launched from a catapult on the back of a SAMIL 100 truck. The Vulture is monitored on the ground via the Navigator and Observer screens in a Ground Control Station. A laser system is used for automated approach, an arrestor system for its capture and an inflatable airbag for its recovery.
ESR220 Thutlwa[82]     South Africa Mobile battery fire control post and early warning radar 4 Designated as "Kameelperd". The system uses an L-band 2D surveillance radar to provide early warning to air defence artillery troops in the field. This fully autonomous armoured system (with self-contained power plant)is transported by a Spanish-designed Kynos Aljaba 8×8 (“Skimmel” in SANDF service) truck. It is capable of tracking aircraft in a 120 km radius and can be fully operational within 10 minutes of arrival at the deployment site. The system also provides for a combined air picture derived from primary radar(through utilisation of Link-ZA, the SANDF's data link system), as well as a command and control system for effective air defence control.
Thales Squire radar system[83]     France Battlefield surveillance radar 14 Acquired in 2012 under Project Cytoon. The radars are designed to plot a pedestrian at 10 km, a vehicle at 21 km, a tank at 28 km, a helicopter at 21 km, a boat at 12 km and a ship at 48 km. The radar system uses a frequency modulated continuous wave Doppler radar and is designed to be virtually undetectable by enemy electronic warfare equipment. All systems are in service with the SA Army Tactical Intelligence Corps.
Thales Sophie man-portable system[83]     France Thermal imager 65 Acquired in 2012 under Project Cytoon. The Thales Sophie can spot humans at over 4 km, tanks at 10 km, helicopters at 12 km and jet fighters at 16 km. All systems are in service with the SA Army Tactical Intelligence Corps.
LOCATS[46] No image available   South Africa Low cost aerial target systems Unknown The LOCATS is an unmanned aerial target used to train Air Defence Artillery crews in gunnery. It is launched from a ramp fitted on the back of a flatbed truck and is recovered by parachute.

Historical equipment edit

Name Image Origin Type Number Details
Vehicles
Buffel[84]     South Africa Infantry mobility vehicle, MRAP 2,400 2,985 Buffels were built, after the South African Border War around 2,400 remained in service and were soon replaced by the new Mamba mine-protected armoured personnel carriers and the excess Buffels were put on sale.
Eland[85]     South Africa Armoured reconnaissance vehicle 1,268 Armoured car based on the Panhard AML. 1,600 were built, after the South African Border War 1,268 Eland-60s and Eland-90s remained in service and were soon replaced by the Rooikat tank destroyers and Ratel infantry fighting vehicles and excess Elands were put on sale.

See also edit

References edit

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  2. ^ Miller, David (2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns. Salamander Books Ltd. ISBN 1-84065-245-4.
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