Koněprusy Caves (Czech: Koněpruské jeskyně), also Zlatý kůň (Golden Horse), is a cave system in the heart of the limestone region known as Bohemian Karst in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It is located in the municipality of Koněprusy, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Prague, 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Beroun. With the length of 2 km (1.2 mi) and vertical range of 70 m (230 ft), it is the largest cave system in Bohemia.[1]
Koněpruské jeskyně | |
 Frontal wall of the Koněprusy Caves | |
  Location in the Czech Republic  Koněprusy Caves (Czech Republic) | |
| Location | Koněprusy |
|---|---|
| Region | Central Bohemian Region, Bohemian Karst, Czech Republic |
| Coordinates | 49°54′58.33″N 14°4′7.92″E / 49.9162028°N 14.0688667°E |
| Type | limestone karst |
| Length | 2 km (1.24 mi) |
| History | |
| Material | limestone |
| Periods | Paleolithic |
| Associated with | Paleo-humans |
The caves
editA hill called Zlatý kůň (Golden Horse) rises above the village of Koněprusy close to another hill called Kobyla (Mare), and nearby is a place called V koníku (In a Little Horse). A short journey westward leads to Kotýz, a karst plateau. Many legends have been created about Kotýz, such as one which tells of sacred horses used by the Celts for campaigns of war. A prehistoric settlement existed here which in Celtic times, according to experts, served as a place of cult worship. Druids possibly maintained a cult of the horse here.
Golden Horse hill conceals the most extensive cave system in Bohemia, accidentally discovered after a nearby blast in a limestone quarry in 1950. They were subsequently made accessible for the public in 1959.[2] Spanning two kilometers and three levels, the cave system inside the Zlatý kůň hill consists of passages and domed chambers interconnected by shafts developed in limestone of the Devonian age. The caves were formed by a small stream at the end of the Tertiary period, as well as rainfall that seeped through cracks in the limestone, resulting in rich speleothem formations from an abundance of stalagmites and stalactites as well as little sinter lakes. A tour leads visitors through the upper and middle levels of the cave system. The most beautiful area is deemed by experts to be the extensive Prošek chamber with its sinter Jezírko lásky (Little lake of love). The cave also offers the spectacular "Koněprusy Roses", a sight that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. They were formed by calcium carbonate dissolved in water, which then gradually precipitated on the walls of the underground lake in the shape of bushes, the tips of which later fell away to create an unusual formation reminiscent of rose blooms.
Findings
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Paleontologists have excavated from these caves thousands of prehistoric animal bones from the Pleistocene period. Dating back 200,000 to 300,000 years, findings include the remains of the ancestors of the elephant mastodon, sabre-tooth tiger, monkey, cave bear, deer, reindeer, cave lion, woolly rhino, wolf, beaver, hyena and horse amongst others.[4]
The fossilized bones of prehistoric humans aged about 45,000 years (the Zlatý kůň woman),[5] stone tools and decorative objects from the early Stone Age provide evidence that prehistoric humans also found refuge in the caves. A counterfeiter's workshop, since dubbed "the Mint", was discovered by pot holers on the upper level of the caves. Here from 1460 to 1470 unknown forgers made the Hussite coins bearing the symbol of the Czech lion. Instead of silver they used copper thinly plated with silver amalgam. The caves descend underground from a shaft near the top of the Golden Horse hill. It offers panoramic views in all directions; when the weather is fine about one-sixth of Bohemia is visible. The tour of the caves is 620 m (2,034.12 ft) long and lasts about one hour.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Petr David, Vladimír Soukup, Lubomír Čech, Wonders of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, pg. 20-21, Euromedia Group (2004), ISBN 978-80-242-2455-8
- ^ "Koněprusy Caves". Cave Administration of the Czech Republic. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ Prüfer, Kay; Posth, Cosimo (June 2021). "A genome sequence from a modern human skull over 45,000 years old from Zlatý kůň in Czechia". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 5 (6): 820–825. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01443-x. ISSN 2397-334X. PMC 8175239.
- ^ Jiří Svoboda, Vojen Ložek, Emanuel Vlček, Hunters between East and West: the Paleolithic of Moravia, pg. 129, Springer (1996), ISBN 0-306-45250-2
- ^ Kay Prüfer et al. A genome sequence from a modern human skull over 45,000 years old from Zlatý kůň in Czechia, 07 April 2021
External links
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- Official website (in English)
- Cave Administration of the Czech Republic (in English)