Abū Naṣr Yaḥyā ibn Jarīr al-Takrītī (fl. 1058–1103) was a Syriac Orthodox physician and scholar who wrote theology and history in Arabic.
Yaḥyā was probably born around 1030.[1] He was a native of Tikrīt and a physician by occupation.[2] He visited Constantinople in 1058.[3] In 1070, he was the scribe of a manuscript, now Tehran, Malek National Museum and Library, MS 5925.[4] He notes in the colophon that he completed the work in Mayyāfāriqīn. He was probably working for the emir of Diyār Bakr, Nizām al-Dīn (r. 1061–1079). He appears to have spent the rest of his life there. According to Ibn al-Azraq al-Fāriqī, who calls him "al-shaykh ... al-ṭabīb" ('the lord ... doctor'), he died in Mayyāfāriqīn in AH 497 (1103–1104).[3]
Yaḥyā's major work is the Kitāb al-murshid (Book of the Guide), a theological compendium.[5] It is divided into 54 chapters, beginning with issues of doctrine and progressing through sacramental and ecclesiastical issues.[6] In chapter 22, he defends the reality and necessity of the crucifixion of Jesus against the Qurʾānic denial without alluding to Islam by expressly setting out to rebut the claims of Mani.[7] The Kitāb al-murshid display deep learning and was widely read.[8]
In the Kitāb al-murshid, Yaḥyā cites two of his other works, Zīj al-tawārīkh, a chronicle from creation to his own time, and Kitāb al-fāʾiq, which is probably the work On the Priest and Priesthood cited by al-Muʾtaman ibn al-ʿAssāl and Ibn Kabar. In addition, Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa cites works on sexual health and astrology.[9]
Yaḥyā's manuscript, Malek 5925, contains Isḥāq ibn Ḥunayn's Arabic translation of Theophrastus's On First Principles and al-Fārābī's Mabādiʾ ārāʾ ahl al-madīna al-fāḍila (Principles of the Views of the Citizens of the Best State), of which it is the oldest copy.[10] It has many marginal notes by Yaḥyā in both Arabic and Syriac, including citations of Gregory of Nyssa and Gregory Nazianzen.[11]
Notes edit
- ^ According to Teule & Swanson 2011, p. 280, he is commonly said to have been born around 1000, on the assumption that he died not long after Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa records him as still living in AH 472 (=AD 1079/1080). This, however, seems to be contradicted by Ibn al-Azraq al-Fāriqī. Walzer 1985, p. 23, does not give a date of birth or death, but gives his teacher as ʿĪsā ibn Isḥāq ibn Zurʿa, who died in 1008.
- ^ Walzer 1985, p. 23.
- ^ a b Teule & Swanson 2011, p. 280.
- ^ Walzer 1985, pp. 22–24, gives the date as AH 463 (=AD 1070). Teule & Swanson 2011, p. 280, gives 1068/1069.
- ^ According to Teule & Swanson 2011, p. 282, the title varies in the manuscripts, but murshid is common to all. In one manuscript it is called Kitāb al-miṣbāḥ al-murshid ('the lamp that guides').
- ^ Teule & Swanson 2011, p. 282.
- ^ Teule & Swanson 2011, p. 283.
- ^ Teule & Swanson 2011, p. 284, give a (not necessarily exhaustive) list of eleven manuscripts, including three in Garshuni.
- ^ Teule & Swanson 2011, pp. 280–281.
- ^ Walzer 1985, pp. 22–24; Teule & Swanson 2011, p. 280.
- ^ Walzer 1985, p. 24; Tannous 2018, p. 220.
Bibliography edit
- Swanson, Mark N. (2015). "Mani as a Stand-In for Muslims?: The Question of Address in Yaḥyā ibn Jarīr, 'On the Necessity of the Crucifixion'". In Sidney H. Griffith; Sven Grebenstein (eds.). Christsein in der islamischen Welt: Festschrift für Martin Tamcke zum 60. Geburtstag. Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 283–298. doi:10.2307/j.ctvc77120.19.
- Tannous, Jack B. (2018). The Making of the Medieval Middle East: Religion, Society, and Simple Believers. Princeton University Press.
- Teule, Herman G. B.; Swanson, Mark N. (2011). "Yaḥyā ibn Jarīr". In David Thomas; Alex Mallett; Juan Pedro Monferrer Sala; Johannes Pahlitzsch; Mark Swanson; Herman Teule; John Tolan (eds.). Christian–Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History. Vol. 3 (1050–1200). Brill. pp. 280–286.
- Walzer, Richard, ed. (1985). Al-Farabi on the Perfect State: Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī's Mabādiʾ ārāʾ ahl al-madīna al-fāḍila. Clarendon Press.