William Rand (fl. 1650–1660) was an English physician who projected general reforms in medical education, practice and publication. His views were Paracelsian and Helmontian,[1] and he participated in the Hartlib Circle.
Life edit
According to Gillian Darley, Rand's father was a physician at Wotton, Surrey, connected to the Evelyn family. William Rand studied medicine at the University of Louvain.[2] It has been suggested also, by Charles Webster, that he was a Cambridge graduate, and son of the apothecary James Rand, matching him rather tentatively to the William Rand who matriculated at Catharine Hall, Cambridge in 1633;[3] this Rand studied at the University of Leiden, though was MD of another institution.[4] In any case Rand was unlicensed by the London College of Physicians.[5] He worked as an apothecary to the parliamentary hospital at Ely House.[6]
In 1652 he addressed thoughts to Samuel Hartlib on reform of the book trade. Natural philosophers found it difficult to get into print, and booksellers were rapacious. Rand suggested a way round the stationers' monopoly, with a system of scholarly licensing.[7][8]
In 1656 he contributed to the programme of Hartlib and Robert Boyle for the reform of science, advocating the establishment of a College of Graduate Physicians.[5][9] The project had the support of Katherine Jones, Viscountess Ranelagh, who was Boyle's sister.[10] A proposal for a Society of Chemical Physicians of the 1660s, again Helmontian in attitude, for a while gathered some momentum.[11] Charles Webster has argued for some continuity from Rand's group to the 1665 group behind the Society of Chemical Physicians; but the latter had notable court patronage too placing it in a very different part of the political spectrum, as well as being open to those without medical degrees.[12]
Works edit
The W. R. writing a dedicatory poem to the Mataeotechnia medicinae praxeos (1651) of Noah Biggs has tentatively been identified as Rand.[13] He translated a work of the apothecary Remeus Francken on surgery (1655).[14] In 1657 he published a translation of Pierre Gassendi's life of Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, as The Mirrour of True Nobility and Gentility, with John Evelyn as dedicatee.[2][15]
An English translation of the Encheiridium anatomicum et pathologicum (1648) by Johannes Riolanus, as A sure guide, or, The best and nearest way to physick and chyrurgery (1671), was by Nicholas Culpeper and W. R., who is identified as Rand.[16] Culpeper died in 1654, and, with William Rowland, Rand in the 1650s was active in editorial work and translation of Culpeper's papers. At the same time they were supporters of the medical initiatives of William Walwyn.[17]
Views edit
Rand's views are available in correspondence, with Hartlib and others.
He was an admirer of Machiavelli.[2] Rand expressed admiration also for Thomas Hobbes in a letter to Hartlib in 1651, finding in him a Protestant comparable in creative ideas to the Catholic Kenelm Digby.[18] Rand also thought Hobbes a royalist,[19] but (against opinion in the universities) a potentially excellent adviser on education.[20] Hartlib would include Rand's name in a list for a "council for schooling", with John Milton and others.[21] Writing to Hartlib from the Netherlands in 1653, Rand proposed a synthesis of the systems of Gassendi and van Helmont.[22]
Rand's correspondence with Evelyn shows Rand's mortalist views, to which Evelyn found some attraction.[23] Rand's views are also known from his comment on the courage required by Henry Lawrence to publish on adult baptism (Of Baptisme, Rotterdam 1646, initially anonymous).[24][25] A letter of Rand to Benjamin Worsley is positive about Socinianism.[26]
References edit
- Christopher Hill (1979) Milton and the English Revolution
Notes edit
- ^ Antonio Clericuzio, Elements, Principles and Corpuscles: a study of atomism and chemistry in the seventeenth century (2000), p. 90; Google Books.
- ^ a b c Gillian Darley, John Evelyn: Living for ingenuity (2006), p. 146–7.
- ^ "Rand, William (RNT633W)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ Charles Webster, The Great Instauration: science, medicine and reform, 1626–1660 (1976), p. 301.
- ^ a b Andrew Wear, Knowledge and Practice in English Medicine, 1550–1680 (2000), p. 357; Google Books.
- ^ Harold J. Cook, Practical Medicine and the British Armed Forces after the "Glorious Revolution", Medical History (1990), 34, pp. 1–26; Online, p. 15 of PDF.
- ^ John Barnard, Donald Francis McKenziep, The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain: 1557–1695 (2002), p. 298; Google Books.
- ^ Roy Porter, Katharine Park, Lorraine Daston, The Cambridge History of Science: Early modern science (2004), p. 328; Google Books.
- ^ Charles Webster, Samuel Hartlib and the Advancement of Learning (2010), p. 59; Google Books.
- ^ Sarah, Hutton. "Jones, Katherine". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/66365. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Peter Elmer, The Healing Arts: health, disease and society in Europe, 1500–1800 (2006), p. 129; Google Books.
- ^ Harold J. Cook, The Society of Chemical Physicians, the New Philosophy, and the Restoration Court, Bulletin of the History of Medicine (1987), 61, pp. 61–77; Online, at p. 62.
- ^ Oster, Malcolm. "Biggs, Noah". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53657. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ J. T. Young, Faith, Alchemy and Natural Philosophy: Johann Moriaen, Reformed Intelligencer, and the Hartlib Circle (1998), p. 51
- ^ Swann, M. (2001). Curiosities and Texts: The Culture of Collecting in Early Modern England. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 76. ISBN 9780812236101. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ A sure guide, or, The best and nearest way to physick and chyrurgery (Open Library). openlibrary.org. OL 15022544M.
- ^ Roger Kenneth French, Andrew Wear (editors), The Medical Revolution of the Seventeenth Century (1989), p. 21 note 24; Google Books.
- ^ Quentin Skinner, Visions of Politics Volume 3 (2002), p. 274; Google Books.
- ^ Nicholas D. Jackson, Hobbes, Bramhall and the Politics of Liberty and Necessity (2007), p. 157 note 141.
- ^ Conal Condren, Stephen Gaukroger, Ian Hunter, The Philosopher in Early Modern Europe: the nature of a contested identity (2006), p. 113 note 5; Google Books.
- ^ Hill, pp. 146–7; the list included also John Dury, John Pell, Marchamont Nedham, Moses Wall, and Israel Tonge.
- ^ (in French) Myriam Dennehy, Charles Ramond, La philosophie naturelle de Robert Boyle (2009), p. 52; Google Books.
- ^ Therese O'Malley, Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, John Evelyn's "Elysium Britannicum" and European Gardening (1998), p. 100; Google Books.
- ^ Dictionary of National Biography, Lawrence, Henry (1600–1664), puritan statesman, by Gordon Goodwin. Published 1892.
- ^ Hill, p. 106.
- ^ Michael Hunter, Robert Boyle, 1627-91: scrupulosity and science (2000), p. 47 note; Google Books.