William Craig (Northern Ireland politician)

William Craig (2 December 1924 – 24 April 2011) was a Northern Irish unionist politician and solicitor, best known for forming the Unionist Vanguard movement.

William Craig
Leader of the Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party
In office
February 1972 – February 1978
DeputyReg Empey
Glenn Barr
David Trimble
Preceded byOffice created
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Member of Parliament
for Belfast East
In office
28 February 1974 – 7 April 1979
Preceded byStanley McMaster
Succeeded byPeter Robinson
Member of the Constitutional Convention
for Belfast East
In office
1 May 1975 – 1975
Preceded byConvention created
Succeeded byConvention dissolved
Member of the Legislative Assembly
for North Antrim
In office
28 June 1973 – 1974
Preceded byAssembly established
Succeeded byAssembly abolished
Member of the Northern Ireland Parliament
for Larne
In office
5 February 1960 – 1972
Preceded byWalter Topping
Succeeded byParliament abolished
Personal details
Born(1924-12-02)2 December 1924
Cookstown, Northern Ireland
Died24 April 2011(2011-04-24) (aged 86)
Dundonald, County Down, Northern Ireland
NationalityBritish
Political partyUlster Unionist (pre 1972; 1978-1982)
Ulster Vanguard (1972 - 1978)
Spouse
Doris Hilgendorff
(m. 1960)
Children2
Alma materQueen's University, Belfast
ProfessionSolicitor
Military service
AllegianceUnited Kingdom United Kingdom
Branch/serviceRoyal Air Force
Years of service1943–1945
Battles/warsWorld War II

Early life

edit

From Cookstown, County Tyrone, Craig was educated at Royal School Dungannon, Larne Grammar School and Queen's University Belfast.[1][2][3]

After serving in the Royal Air Force (as a Lancaster bomber rear gunner) during World War II, he became a solicitor.[1]

Politics

edit

He was active in the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) and led the Ulster Young Unionist Council. He was elected to the Stormont Parliament in a by-election in 1960 for Larne, and became a Minister in 1963. He held several portfolios under Terence O'Neill, eventually as Minister for Home Affairs. His most notable action while in this office was to ban the march of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association on 5 October 1968. He also accused the civil rights movement of being a political front for the IRA.

On 11 December 1968, O'Neill dismissed Craig when he suspected Craig was a supporter of Ulster nationalism. Craig began to build a power base for himself within unionism, becoming head of the Ulster Loyalist Association. The UUP withdrew the whip from him in May 1970; Craig then began to make plans to form his own political party. The Ulster Vanguard movement was formed on 9 February 1972 under Craig's leadership (the Deputy Leaders were the Reverend Martin Smyth and Captain Austin Ardill).[1]

Ulster Vanguard advocated a semi-independent Northern Ireland. Vanguard held a large rally on 18 March 1972 in Belfast's Ormeau Park at which Craig said "We must build up the dossiers on the men and women who are a menace to this country, because one day, ladies and gentlemen, if the politicians fail, it may be our job to liquidate the enemy".[4] Vanguard also staged a two-day strike in protest at the prorogation of the Stormont Parliament.

In April 1972, Vanguard issued a policy statement "Ulster – A Nation" which said that Northern Ireland might have to consider independence. In October, he spoke at a meeting of the Conservative Monday Club, a group of right-wing Conservative MPs at Westminster. He told them he could mobilise 80,000 men to oppose the UK Government, adding: "We are prepared to come out and shoot and kill. I am prepared to come out and shoot and kill, let's put the bluff aside".[1] In March 1973, the Ulster Vanguard became the Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party.[1]

The Vanguard Unionists under Craig formed part of the United Ulster Unionist Council which opposed the power-sharing Sunningdale Agreement. Craig was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly created under the Sunningdale Agreement, and he won a seat in the UK Parliament at the February 1974 general election for East Belfast.[1] However, in the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in the mid-1970s, Craig broke with the majority of his party to support voluntary power-sharing with the Social Democratic and Labour Party. The Vanguard Unionists fell apart, with one section forming the United Ulster Unionist Party. Craig led the remains of Vanguard in rejoining the Ulster Unionist Party in 1978, but lost his seat at the 1979 general election.[1]

Craig subsequently broke with the Ulster Unionists once more. When elections were held for the new Northern Ireland Assembly in 1982, Craig revived the name Vanguard for his candidacy in East Belfast. However, he failed to be elected. That marked the effective end of Craig's political career.

Many historians have agreed that Craig found it difficult to accept that Northern Ireland had to make social and economic reforms. Craig led opposition to those proposals throughout the premierships of Terence O'Neill, James Chichester-Clark and Brian Faulkner. Although he showed few intentions when he became the leader of the Unionist Vanguard movement, he showed public intention to form a Northern Ireland Executive in 1975 with the Social Democratic and Labour Party, along with the Alliance Party and Ulster Unionist Party. That is mainly overshadowed due to his early political beliefs and refusal to accept reform and change to Northern Irish society.

Personal life and death

edit

In 1960, Craig married Doris Hilgendorff, and they had two children.[1]

After a long period away from public life, Craig died at the Ulster Hospital on 24 April 2011, aged 86, from complications of a stroke he suffered the previous month.[1][5]

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Ryder, Chris (2015). "Craig, William [Bill] (1924–2011), solicitor and politician". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/103749. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ "Members of Parliament for Belfast, East" Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Robinson official website
  3. ^ "Biographies of all Members of Parliament in the Northern Ireland House of Commons" Archived 26 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Election Demon
  4. ^ "Tartan Gangs and the 'Hidden History' of the Northern Ireland Conflict". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  5. ^ William Craig, Ulster Unionist, dies at 86 Archived 14 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine by Ben Quinn. The Guardian, 26 April 2011
edit
Parliament of Northern Ireland
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Larne
1960–1973
Parliament abolished
Northern Ireland Assembly (1973)
New assembly Assembly Member for North Antrim
1973–1974
Assembly abolished
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Belfast East
19741979
Succeeded by
Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention
New convention Member for East Belfast
1975–1976
Convention dissolved
Party political offices
Preceded by Unionist Chief Whip
1963
Succeeded by
New political party Leader of the Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party
1973–1978
Party dissolved
Political offices
Preceded by
Isaac George Hawthorne
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Finance
1963
Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Home Affairs
1963–1964
Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Health and Local Government
1964–1965
Succeeded by
New office Minister of Development
1965–1966
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Brian McConnell
Minister of Home Affairs
1966–1968
Succeeded by