White River Fauna

The White River Fauna are fossil animals found in the White River Badlands of South Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado and Nebraska in the United States including Badlands National Park.^[1]

The fossils have been found in the White River Formation, Chadron Formation, Brule Formation, and the Arikaree Formation.

Animals from the White River Badlands date from the Eocene, Oligocene, the Miocene, and the Pliocene Epochs.

List edit

Genera include:

Birds edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Bathornis	†B. veredus (type) †B. celeripes †B. cursor †B. fricki †B. geographicus †B. grallator †B. fax? †B. minor	†Bathornithidae	Eocene-Miocene		The type genus of the Bathornithidae, large predatory birds related to seriemas.^[2]
†Paracrax		†Bathornithidae			Closely related and similar to the conspecific Bathornis; however, it seems to have occupied more arid environments.^[3]

Mammals edit

Artiodactyls edit

Antracotheres edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Bothriodon	†B. sp.	†Anthracotheriidae
†Elomeryx	†E. brachyrhynchus	†Anthracotheriidae

Camelids edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Poebrotherium	†P. wilsoni (type) †P. chadronensis †P. eximium †P. franki †P. labratum	Camelidae

Entelodonts edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Archaeotherium	†A. mortoni (type)	†Entelodontidae	Oligocene
†Daeodon	†D. shoshonensis (type) †D. humerosum?	†Entelodontidae	Miocene

Leptomerycids edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Leptomeryx		†Leptomerycidae			The most common fossil found in the area.^[4]

Merycoidodontids edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch
†Eporeodon	†E. major (type) †E. occidentalis †E. pygmyus	†Merycoidodontidae	Oligocene
†Leptauchenia		†Merycoidodontidae
†Merycoidodon		†Merycoidodontidae
†Miniochoerus		†Merycoidodontidae

Protoceratids edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Protoceras		†Protoceratidae

Ruminants edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Hypertragulus		†Hypertragulidae

Carnivorans edit

Amphiconid edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Daphoneus	†D. vetus (type) †D. hartshorianus †D. lambei †D. ruber †D. socialis †D. transversus	†Amphicyonidae	Eocene-Miocene
†Parictis		†Amphicynodontinae

Borophagin edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Archaeocyon	†A. leptodus (type) †A. pavidus †A. falkenbachi	†Borophaginae	Oligocene

Canids edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Osbornodon		Canidae

Creodonts edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Hyaenodon	†H. horridus	†Hyaenodontidae	Eocene - Miocene

Felids edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch
†Dinictis	†D. felina (type)	†Nimravidae	Eocene-Miocene
†Hoplophoneus	H. primaevus (type) H. occidentalis H. strigidens H. cerebralis H. dakotensis H. oharrai H. sicarius	†Nimravidae	Eocene-Oligocene
†Nimravus		†Nimravidae

Epoicotheres edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Xenocranium	†X. pileorivale (type)	†Epoicotheriidae	Oligocene

Lagomorphs edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Palaeolagus		Leporidae

Perissodactyls edit

Brototheres edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Megacerops		†Brontotheriidae	Eocene - Oligocene

Equids edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Mesohippus		Equidae
†Miohippus		Equidae

Rhinocerotoids edit

Amynodonts edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Metamynodon		†Amynodontidae

Hyracodontids edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Hyracodon		†Hyracodontidae	Eocene - Oligocene

Rhinocerotids edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Subhyracodon		Rhinocerotidae

Tapirids edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Protapirus		Tapiridae

Rodents edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch	Image	Notes
†Agnotocastor	†A. praeteredens (type) †A. coloradensis †A. galushai †A. readingi	Castoridae	Eocene-Miocene
†Ischyromys		†Ischyromyidae

Reptiles edit

Genus	Species	Clade	Epoch
Alligator	†A. prenasalis	Crocodilia	Eocene
†Peltosaurus		Anguidae
†Stylemys	†S. nebrascensis (type) †S. botti †S. calaverensis †S. canetotiana †S. capax †S. conspecta †S. copei †S. emiliae †S. frizaciana †S. karakolensis †S. neglectus †S. oregonensis †S. pygmea †S. uintensis †S. undabuna	Testudinidae

References edit

^ Scott, W. B., & Jepsen, G. L. (1940). The Mammalian Fauna of the White River Oligocene: Part IV. Artiodactyla. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 28(4), 363–746. https://doi.org/10.2307/1005504
^ Wetmore, A. (1927). "Fossil Birds from the Oligocene of Colorado" (PDF). Proceedings of the Colorado Museum of Natural History. 7 (2): 1–14.
^ Wetmore, A. (1927). "Fossil Birds from the Oligocene of Colorado" (PDF). Proceedings of the Colorado Museum of Natural History. 7 (2): 1–14.
^ Emry, Robert J. (1973). "Stratigraphy and Preliminary Biostratigraphy of the Flagstaff Rim Area, Natrona County, Wyoming". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology (18): 1–43. doi:10.5479/si.00810266.18.1. ISSN 0081-0266.

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[1] Scott, W. B., & Jepsen, G. L. (1940). The Mammalian Fauna of the White River Oligocene: Part IV. Artiodactyla. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 28(4), 363–746. https://doi.org/10.2307/1005504

[Wetmore1927-2] Wetmore, A. (1927). "Fossil Birds from the Oligocene of Colorado" (PDF). Proceedings of the Colorado Museum of Natural History. 7 (2): 1–14.

[Wetmore19272-3] Wetmore, A. (1927). "Fossil Birds from the Oligocene of Colorado" (PDF). Proceedings of the Colorado Museum of Natural History. 7 (2): 1–14.

[4] Emry, Robert J. (1973). "Stratigraphy and Preliminary Biostratigraphy of the Flagstaff Rim Area, Natrona County, Wyoming". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology (18): 1–43. doi:10.5479/si.00810266.18.1. ISSN 0081-0266.

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