Walter Henry Bromley (c. 1774 – c. 5 May 1838) was a British military officer and reformer who founded a school in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and did much good work among children of poorer families including, especially, indigenous Canadians. He later emigrated to South Australia where he briefly ran that new colony's first school then served for a short time as Protector of Aborigines.
History edit
Bromley, the eldest son of Robert and Julie Bromley, was baptised on 27 February 1775 in Keelby and grew up in rural Lancashire. He enlisted in the 23rd Regiment of Foot (better known as the Royal Welch Fusiliers) when quite young. He saw action in a number of overseas conflicts (including Nova Scotia 1808–1810), rising to the rank of captain.[1] In 1811 he returned to England and retired on half pay.
Canada edit
In 1813 he returned to Halifax, Nova Scotia where he founded the Royal Acadian School, which he ran for the thirteen years he lived there. His school offered education for middle- and low-income families, including girls, black and immigrant children. The school included Protestants and Catholics. The school was controversial, however, as some of its biggest supporters came from the Nova Scotia elite.
Bromley also devoted himself to the service of the Mi'kmaq people.[2] The Mi'kmaq were among the poor of Halifax and in the rural communities. According to historian Judith Finguard, his contribution to give public exposure to the plight of the Mi'kmaq "particularly contributes to his historical significance." Finguard wrote:
- Bromley's attitudes towards the Indians were singularly enlightened for his day…. Bromley totally dismissed the idea that native people were naturally inferior and set out to encourage their material improvement through settlement and agriculture, their talents through education, and their pride through his own study of their languages.[1]
Bromley's school made a "seminal contribution" to the development of the education movement in Nova Scotia.[3] Well after Bromley's departure from Nova Scotia (1825), the school continued to play a central role in the campaign for free education. It became a girls' school by the 1870s.
Bromley returned to England around 1825 or 1826, married twice, and had several children.[1]
South Australia edit
Bromley embarked, alone, for South Australia aboard Tam O'Shanter as part of the "First Fleet of South Australia", arriving in November 1836 at Kangaroo Island. There "Captain Bromley", as he was generally called, opened a school for 24 children at Kingscote on 5 December 1836.[4] This was not to last long however, as on 5 April 1837 he was appointed Protector of Aborigines, succeeding George Stevenson.[5] He closed his school on 19 May 1837 and commenced his work, living among the Aborigines and learning their language.[4] He was a poor choice for the job, The Register opined, a bad example to set younger Aborigines (but did not elaborate).[6] He was removed from the position of Protector and replaced by Dr. William Wyatt (c. 1805 – 10 June 1886).[7]
He drowned in the River Torrens, accidentally so the inquest concluded,[8] The Southern Australian felt Bromley had been treated unfairly, and had done more for the natives than Wyatt.[9]
References edit
- ^ a b c Judith Fingard (2003). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. 7. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
- ^ Thomas Akins. History of Halifax. p. 159
- ^ Walter Bromley – Canadian Biography
- ^ a b "Out Among the People". The Advertiser. Vol. 94, no. 29, 110. Adelaide, South Australia. 29 January 1952. p. 4. Retrieved 4 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia..
- ^ "Advertising". South Australian Gazette And Colonial Register. Vol. I, no. 2. South Australia. 3 June 1837. p. 1. Retrieved 4 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "The Natives". South Australian Gazette And Colonial Register. Vol. I, no. 16. South Australia. 17 March 1838. p. 2. Retrieved 4 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "The Aborigines". Southern Australian. Vol. II, no. 39. South Australia. 27 February 1839. p. 2. Retrieved 4 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Death of Mr. Bromley". The Southern Australian. Vol. I, no. 1. South Australia. 2 June 1838. p. 3. Retrieved 4 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Public Meeting". Southern Australian. Vol. II, no. 49. South Australia. 10 May 1839. p. 3. Retrieved 4 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
Further reading edit
- Walter Bromley. An account of the aborigines of Nova Scotia called the Micmac Indians
- Mr. Bromley's second address, on the deplorable state of the Indians: delivered in the "Royal Acadian School," at Halifax, in Nova Scotia, March 8, 1814
- Judith Fingard, "English humanitarianism and the colonial mind: Walter Bromley in Nova Scotia, 1813–25," CHR, 54 (1973): 123–51
- Judith Fingard. Attitudes towards the Education of the Poor, 15–42
- Judith Fingard. Anglican Design, 134–148
- Upton, Micmacs and colonists;
- Herald (Halifax), 23 September 1892;
- Morning Chronicle (Halifax), 10 July 1868, 11 July 1874;
- Morning Herald (Halifax), 7, 12 September 1885;
- Walter Bromley. Appeals to the People of Great Britain on behalf of the Indians of Nova Scotia
- Report of the Royal Acadian School: instituted in 1813, incorporated 1840 (1851)