A vasculum or a botanical box is a stiff container used by botanists to keep field samples viable for transportation. The main purpose of the vasculum is to transport plants without crushing them and by maintaining a cool, humid environment.
Construction
editVascula are cylinders typically made from tinned and sometimes lacquered iron, though wooden examples are known. The box was carried horizontally on a strap so that plant specimens lie flat and lined with moistened cloth.[1] Traditionally, British and American vascula were somewhat flat and valise-like with a single room, while continental examples were more cylindrical and often longer, sometimes with two separate compartments.[2] Access to the interior is through one (sometimes two) large lids in the side, allowing plants to be put in and taken out without bending or distorting them unnecessarily. This is particularly important with wildflowers, which are often fragile.
Some early 20th century specimen are made from sheet aluminium rather than tin, but otherwise follow the 19th century pattern. The exterior is usually left rough, or lacquered green.
History
editThe roots of the vasculum are lost in time, but may have evolved from the 17th century tin candle-box of similar construction. Linnaeus called it a vasculum dillenianum, from Latin vasculum – small container and dillenianum, referring to J.J. Dillenius, Linnaeus' friend and colleague at Oxford Botanic Garden. With rise of botany as a scientific field the mid 18th century, the vasculum became an indispensable part of the botanist's equipment.[3]
Together with the screw-down plant press, the vasculum was popularized in Britain by naturalist William Withering around 1770.[4] The shortened term "vasculum" appears to have become the common name applied to them around 1830.[2] Being a hallmark of field botany, vascula were in common use until World War II . With post-war emphasis on systematics rather than alpha taxonomy and new species often collected in far-away places, field botany and the use of vascula went into decline.
Aluminium vascula are still made and in use, though zipper bags and clear plastic folders are today cheaper and more common in use.[4]
The Vasculum
editThe Vasculum was "An Illustrated Quarterly dealing primarily with the Natural History of Northumberland and Durham and the tracts immediately adjacent," from 1915 to 2015.[5]
The newsletter of the Society of Herbarium Curators is named "The Vasculum" since 2006.[6]
References
edit- ^ "L'herbier, un outil pour le botaniste" [The herbarium, a tool for the botanist] (in French). La Garance voyageuse. Archived from the original on 2017-12-31. Retrieved 2006-12-20.
with image
- ^ a b Baker, H. G. (1958). "Origin of the Vasculum" (PDF). Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles. 3: 41–43. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
- ^ Allen, D.E. (1965). "Some further Light on the History of the Vasculum" (PDF). Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles. 6: 105–109. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ^ a b J.E., Mygatt (2001). "A Case for Collecting" (PDF). Iowa Native Plant Society Newsletter. 7: 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
- ^ "The Vasculum". Archived from the original on 2020-02-10. Retrieved 2021-09-23. The website contains links to all issues of The Vasculum
- ^ "The Vasculum". Society of Herbarium Curators. 15 September 2014. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
External links
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