Why is Mercury Liquid?
Mercury doesn’t form mercury-mercury bond in gaseous forms. Mg2+ centers are bound to the electrons. the two electrons that are ionized from a mercury atom spread as a sea and glues to all other atoms. Since the binding btw the mercury molecules are weak heat easily overcomes that weak binding and mercury boils and melts at lower temperature than any other metal atom.
Relativistic approach
From the Einstein’s equation we get that for lighter atoms, the relative mass of the atom is about 1.00003 times(H2) of the rest mass. However, in the case of heavier atoms, it is not the same. Becoz, as it goes heavier, the relative mass of that atom increases and by the conservation of angular momentum, mvr= a constant In order to conserve the angular momentum, as mass increases, the radius decreases and as a result contraction of orbitals takes place. In the case of the mercury, the velocity of the electron is about 0.58c which means it is about 58% of the speed of the light. So the relativistic mass becomes 1.23 times of the rest mass and as a result, the Bohr radius shrinks by 23%.
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