China
editDue to its large abundance in northern China, coal accounts for around 70% of the country's energy consumption. The majority of CO2 emissions in China come from either coal-fired power plants or coal-to-chemical processes (e.g. the production of synthetic ammonia, methanol, fertilizer, natural gas, and CTLs).[1] According to the IEA, around 385 out of China's 900 gigawatts of coal-fired power capacity are near locations suitable for carbon dioxide storage.[2] In order to take advantage of these suitable storage sites (many of which are conducive to enhanced oil recovery) and reduce its carbon dioxide emissions, China has started to develop several CCS projects. Three such facilities are already operational or in late stages of construction, but these projects draw CO2 from natural gas processing or petrochemical production. At least eight more facilities are in early planning and development, most of which will capture emissions from power plants. Almost all of these CCS projects, regardless of CO2 source, inject carbon dioxide for the purpose of EOR.[3]
CNPC Jilin Oil Field
China's very first carbon capture project is the Jilin oil field in Songyuan, Jilin Province. It started as a pilot EOR project in 2009,[4] but has since developed into a commercial operation for the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), with the final phase of development completed in 2018.[5] The source of carbon dioxide is the nearby Changling gas field, from which natural gas with about 22.5% CO2 is extracted. After separation at the natural gas processing plant, the carbon dioxide is transported to Jilin via pipeline and injected for a 37% enhancement in oil recovery at the low-permeability oil field.[6] At commercial capacity, the facility currently injects 0.6 MtCO2 per year, and it has injected a cumulative total of over 1.1 million tonnes over its lifetime.[5]
Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical CCS Project
The Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical Corporation is a large energy and chemical company currently developing a carbon capture unit whose first phase will be operational in 2019. The facility is located in Zibo City, Shangdong Province, where there is a fertilizer plant that produces large amounts of carbon dioxide from coal/coke gasification.[7] The CO2 is to be captured by cryogenic distillation and will be transported via pipeline to the nearby Shengli oil field for enhanced oil recovery.[8] Construction of the first phase has already begun, and upon completion it will capture and inject 0.4 MtCO2 per year. The Shengli oil field is also expected to be the destination for carbon dioxide captured from Sinopec's Shengli power plant, although this facility is not expected to be operational until the 2020s.[8]
Yanchang Integrated CCS Project
Yanchang Petroleum is developing carbon capture facilities at two coal-to-chemicals plants in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province.[9] The first capture plant is capable of capturing 50,000 tonnes CO2 per year and was finished in 2012. Construction on the second plant started in 2014 and is expected to be finished in 2020, with a capacity of 360,000 tonnes captured per year.[1] This carbon dioxide will be transported to the Ordos Basin, one of the largest coal, oil, and gas-producing regions in China with a series of low- and ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs. Lack of water in this area has limited the use of water flooding for EOR, so the injected CO2 will support the development of increased oil production from the basin.[10]
- ^ a b "Yanchang Petroleum report 1: capturing CO2 from coal to chemical process | Decarboni.se". www.decarboni.se. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
- ^ "The potential for carbon capture and storage in China". www.iea.org. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
- ^ "Large-scale CCS facilities | Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute". www.globalccsinstitute.com. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
- ^ "Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies @ MIT". sequestration.mit.edu. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
- ^ a b "CNPC Jilin Oil Field CO2 EOR | Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute". www.globalccsinstitute.com. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
- ^ "CCUS-EOR Practice in Jilin Oilfield" (PDF). China National Petroleum Corporation. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
- ^ "Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical CCS | Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute". www.globalccsinstitute.com. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
- ^ a b "H Liu Sinopec CCS". www.slideshare.net. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
- ^ "Yanchang Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage Demonstration | Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute". www.globalccsinstitute.com. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
- ^ "Yanchang Petroleum report 2: CO2 storage and EOR in ultra-low permeability reservoir in the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin | Decarboni.se". www.decarboni.se. Retrieved 2018-11-24.