Suzutsuki (涼月) was the third ship of the Akizuki-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Her name meaning Clear Moon. Suzutsuki is best known for her participation in Operation Ten-Go as one of the battleship Yamato's eight escort ships, where her bow was blown off by an American bomb. Suzutsuki survived the battle, and escaped American forces by reversing all the way back to port. She was then used as a breakwater until 20 November 1945, when her name was struck from the naval register and she was sold for scrap soon after.
 Suzutsuki in postwar at Ainoura, Sasebo.
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Empire of Japan | |
| Name | Suzutsuki |
| Namesake | Clear Autumn moon |
| Builder | Mitsubishi Nagasaki Shipyard |
| Laid down | 15 March 1941 |
| Launched | 4 March 1942 |
| Completed | 29 December 1942 |
| Commissioned | 29 December 1942 Yokosuka Chinjufu |
| In service | 1942-1945 |
| Stricken | 20 November 1945 |
| Fate | Scrapped in late 1945 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Akizuki-class destroyer |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | 134.2 m (440 ft 3 in) |
| Beam | 11.6 m (38 ft 1 in) |
| Draft | 4.15 m (13 ft 7 in) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 33 knots (38 mph; 61 km/h) |
| Range | 8,300 nmi (15,400 km) at 18 kn (21 mph; 33 km/h) |
| Complement | 263 |
| Armament |
|
Ship Design & Description
editThe Akizuki-class ships were originally designed as anti-aircraft escorts for carrier battle groups, but were modified with torpedo tubes and depth charges to meet the need for a more general-purpose destroyer. Her crew numbered 300 officers and enlisted men. The ships measured 134.2 meters (440 ft 3 in) overall, with a beam of 11.6 meters (38 ft 1 in) and a draft of 4.15 meters (13 ft 7 in).[1] They displaced 2,744 metric tons (2,701 long tons) at standard load and 3,759 metric tons (3,700 long tons) at deep load.[2]
The ships had two Kampon geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were rated at a total of 52,000 shaft horsepower (39,000 kW) for a designed speed of 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph). The ships carried up to 1,097 long tons (1,115 t) of fuel oil which gave them a range of 8,300 nautical miles (15,400 km; 9,600 mi) at a speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph).[3]
The main armament of the Akizuki class consisted of eight Type 98 100-millimeter (3.9 in) dual purpose guns in four twin-gun turrets, two superfiring pairs fore and aft of the superstructure. They carried four Type 96 25-millimeter (1.0 in) anti-aircraft guns in two twin-gun mounts. The ships were also armed with four 610-millimeter (24.0 in) torpedo tubes in a single quadruple traversing mount; one reload was carried for each tube. Their anti-submarine weapons were comprised of six depth charge throwers for which 72 depth charges were carried.[4]
Ship History
editConstruction Details
editOn November 1, 1940, the Yamato-class battleship Musashi was launched at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nagasaki Shipyard. The Imperial Japanese Navy decided to build the Akizuki-class destroyers side by side on the slipway after the launch of Musashi. Initially, it was planned to build four Akizuki-class destroyers at the same time, but in reality, two ships would be built side by side. On November 13, construction of Akizuki-class destroyer No. 105 Terutsuki began at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nagasaki Shipyard.
On March 15, 1941, No. 106 ship Suzutsuki was laid down at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nagasaki Shipyard. On November 21 of the same year, Terutsuki was launched.
On January 20, 1942, the Akizuki-class destroyer under construction was given the name Suzutsuki, and the Yugumo-class destroyer Takanami. On the same date, the two ships (Suzutsuki and Takanami) are classified into the ship classification chart. On March 4th of the same year, Suzutsuki was launched. Lieutenant General Umataro Tanimoto, commander-in-chief of the Sasebo naval base, and Major General Gisaburo Yamaguchi, chief of staff of the naval base, participated in the Suzutsuki launching ceremony. Nagasaki Shipyard & Machinery Works immediately began construction of the 109th ship Wakatsuki. On June 29, Shingetsu was launched at the Nagasaki Shipyard. Construction of the 360th ship Shimotsuki began immediately. On August 31, Terutsuki left Nagasaki after completing construction. Mitsubishi Nagasaki Shipyard in the Pacific War built a total of 5 ships: Terutsuki, Suzutsuki, Shingetsu, Wakatsuki, and Shimotsuki of the Akizuki-class.
On September 10th, Lieutenant Colonel Tsuguto Akazawa, commander of the destroyer Shiranui, the second ship of the Kagero-class destroyer, was appointed Chief of Equipment on the Suzutsuki. On September 13th, the Suzutsuki Outfitting Office will began operations.
On December 29 of the same year, the ship was completed. Akazawa's rigging chief becomes the captain of Suzutsuki. The main first-generation executives were Lieutenant Masamoto Yoshizawa, Chief of Gunnery, Lieutenant Hiroshi Furukawa, Chief of Torpedoes, Reserve Lieutenant Masaharu Takahashi, Chief of Voyage, and Captain Masao Kimura, Chief of Engineering. The Suzutsuki Outfitters Office was removed. On the same day, the two ships Suzutsuki and Hatsutsuki were registered at Sasebo naval base. At Sasebo naval base, three ships: Suzutsuki, Hatsuzuki, and Yugumo-class destroyer Ohnami were designated as patrol destroyers.
1943
editAfter completion, Suzutsuki would be stationed at Yokosuka naval base. On January 6, 1943, the Chief Engineer on Suzutsuki was replaced by Major Takeo Hayashizaki. Suzutsuki was then transferred to Yokosuka naval base, and arrived on January 9, 1943. At the time of the sinking of Terutsuki, the 2nd Akizuki-class destroyer, Chief of Accounts Lieutenant Akitaka Takato, was assigned to Suzutsuki as a member of the 61st Destroyer Division. The two Akizuki-class ships (Suzutsuki and Hatsutsuki) were then transferred to the 3rd Fleet (Commander-in-Chief Lieutenant General Jisaburo Ozawa, 37th Naval Academy) on January 15, and the 10th Squadron belonging to the 61st Destroyer Division. The 61st Destroyer Division consisted of Akizuki, the lead ship of the Akizuki class, and Terutsuki, the second ship of the same class. However, Terutsuki was torpedoed by a US torpedo boat and sank on December 12 of the previous year while engaged in a transport operation to Guadalcanal. She was expelled from the 61st Destroyer Division with the addition of Suzutsuki and Hatsuzuki. The 61st Destroyer Division was to be organized with three Akizuki-class ships: Akizuki, Suzutsuki, and Hatsuzuki.
On January 15, Suzutsuki left Yokosuka for Kure. In the early hours of January 16, during the voyage, the 61st (Suzutsuki, Hatsutsuki) found the American submarine USS Haddock SS-231 surfaced off Shionomisaki, but escaped. At the same time, on January 19, Akizuki in action in the Solomon Islands was wrecked in a torpedo attack by the U.S. submarine Nautilus (USS Nautilus, SF-9/SS-168). Since Commander Kimura was injured during the Akizuki lightning strike, Major General Tomiji Koyanagi, Commander of the 2nd Torpedo Squadron, was appointed as Commander of the 10th Squadron on January 21. Suzutsuki, who was still in the mainland, underwent construction work such as the addition of machine guns at the Kure Naval Arsenal from February 1 to 15. During this time, on February 3, the commander of the 61st Destroyer Division was replaced by Colonel Ranji Oe (47th Marine, former commander of the 19th Destroyer Division). On February 19, the 61st Destroyer Division: Suzutsuki, and Hatsuzuki advanced to the waters near Japan, and met with the Japanese fleet returning from Truk atoll to Sasebo after operations around Guadalcanal. The fleet, commanded by Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita, was composed of the Kongo-class battlecruisers Kongo and Haruna, seaplane tender Nisshin, Tone-class heavy cruiser Tone, and Shiratsuyu-class destroyer Shigure.
In preparation for Operation I-Go, an air offensive operation targeting the Solomon Islands and islands of New Guinea, On March 22, Suzutsuki along with three destroyers, the light aircraft carriers Junyo and Hiyo, and two heavy cruisers Tone and Chikuma arrived at Truk atoll on March 27-28. In carrying out this operation, it was necessary to transport not only the pilots but also maintenance personnel and other aviation personnel to Rabaul, New Britain. On April 2nd, Suzutsuki and Hatsuzuki sortied from Truk to transport air personnel to Rabaul. On April 3, the heavy cruiser Aoba was severely damaged in an air raid in Kavieng, New Ireland, along with the surrounding area. After arriving at Rabaul on April 4, she departed immediately and returned to Truk on 6 April. From mid-April to mid-May, she escorted ships entering and leaving Truk atoll.
On July 19, the 61st Destroyer Division (Suzutsuki, Hatsutsuki) joined the 8th Sentai (Tone, Chikuma), the 10th Sentai flagship Agano, two cruisers (Mogami, Oyodo), and the 4th Destroyer Division (Arashi, Hagikaze). sortied from Truk with the 17th Destroyer Division (Isokaze). After arriving in Rabaul, the 10th Squadron splits into two to transport supplies to the Buin and Buka Islands. On the night of July 21, the 10th Squadron departed from Rabaul. The 61st Destroyer Division (Suzutsuki, Hatsutsuki) carries the Nankai 4th Garrison and arrives at Buka Island on 22 July. The transport mission was successful (the Nankai 4th Garrison advanced to Bougainville Island)[108], and returned to Truk on the 26th.
After that, the 61st Destroyer Division (Suzutsuki, Hatsutsuki) was engaged in transport missions between Truk, Rabaul, and Kwajalein Atoll from late July to early September[5], while tankers and training cruisers such as Kashima He also served as an escort. On August 15, the 6th Akizuki-class destroyer, Wakatsuki[6], was incorporated into the 61st Destroyer Division, and the squadron became a three-class Akizuki-class (Suzutsuki, Hatsutsuki, and Wakatsuki)[15]. . In September and October, the 61st Destroyer Division with three Akizuki-class ships sortied for the Marshall Islands accompanied by the task force (including the 2nd Torpedo Squadron and the 10th Squadron). On October 31, Akizuki returned to the 61st Destroyer Division after repairs, and the division finally formed four Akizuki-class ships (Suzutsuki, Hatsutsuki, Wakatsuki, and Akizuki).
On November 10, as Suzutsuki was escorting a transport convoy en route to Truk from Rabaul, the transport ship Tokyo Maru was heavily damaged by lightning. As Suzutsuki was attempting to help with repairs, the light cruiser Agano, which was previously damaged by an air raid at Rabaul, was struck by a torpedo from the submarine USS Scamp (SS-277). After the Tokyo Maru sank, Suzutsuki went to help Agano with repairs. Suzutsuki, along with destroyers Hatsuzuki, Urakaze, Fujinami, and Hayami, and the light cruisers Noshiro and Nagara escorted Agano back to Truk.
1944
editDuring the first weeks of 1944, Suzutsuki would escort transports to Wake Island. On her second transport voyage, she would be struck by two torpedoes from the US submarine USS Sturgeon (SS-187), killing 130 men, including Colonel Tomari. One torpedo struck the forward magazine, completely destroying the bow past the No.2 Type 98 100-millimeter (3.9 in) dual purpose gun. The second torpedo hit the stern past the No.4 Type 98 100-millimeter (3.9 in) dual purpose gun. In addition, a lightning strike would damage the bridge. Suzutsuki would then be towed by Hatsuzuki to Sukumo Bay. Restoration work was carried out at the Kure Naval Arsenal from January 19 until August 3. During this restoration, she was given a straight bow and angular bridge, which are characteristic of her appearance. Colonel Tomari was replaced by Colonel Shigetaka Amano on March 20. On August 3, Suzutsuki's repairs were completed and she would return to the 61st Destroyer Division. Suzutsuki then conducted training operations in the Seto Inland Sea.
On October 16, Suzutsuki was escorting transports from Keelung, Taiwan, but would come under attack from US Submarine USS Besugo (SS-321), hit by another torpedo, and would sail back to Kure for repairs. On November 23, Suzutsuki escorted the aircraft carrier Junyo in an emergency transport mission to Manila, then escorted her along with the battleship Haruna back to Japan on December 3. The fleet would be attacked by a US Submarine wolfpack (USS Redfish SS-395, USS Seadevil SS-400, and USS Plaice SS-390) on December 9, just before entering Sasebo, but Suzutsuki would not be damaged during the ambush. Suzutsuki, however, would be damaged by a passing storm and would be sent back to Kure for repairs until December 27. Afterwards, she conducted training operations in the Seto Inland Sea.
1945
editAt the beginning of 1945 or around the end of 1944, machine gun mounts were added on the left and right sides of the bridge, and two 25mm triple machine guns were added (7 in total). In addition, the No. 21 electric probe on the front mast was removed, and one No. 22 electric probe and one No. 13 electric probe were installed (there are two No. 13 electric probes in total). During an air raid on Kure Naval Port on March 19, she escorted the battleship Yamato in Hiroshima Bay. The 2nd Fleet suffered no major damage.
Operation Ten-Go
editAt 3:00 p.m. on April 6, the Maritime Special Attack Force (1st Strike Force) under the command of Vice Admiral Seiichi Ito, Commander of the 2nd Fleet, the 1st Air Squadron Yamato, the 2nd Torpedo Squadron light cruiser Yahagi, 17th Destroyer Division Isokaze, Yukikaze, Hamakaze, 21st Destroyer Division Asashimo, Kasumi, Hatsushimo, 41st Destroyer Division Fuyutsuki, Suzutsuki sortied from Tokuyama. At 19:50 in the first patrol order, Suzutsuki took position on the right side of Yamato.
After switching to the third cautious navigation order at 6:00 on the following day, April 7, she was positioned to the port rear of Yamato. In the morning of the same day, the Yugumo-class destroyer Asashimo dropped out due to an engine failure. She was attacked and sunk by American aircraft around 12:30.
At 12:32, the first wave of carrier-based aircraft from the US Task Force 58 (TF 58) arrived. While the wheel formation collapsed due to repeated rudder changes, Suzutsuki continued to cover Yamato’s port rear. In the first wave attack, Yahagi was struck by lightning and was unable to navigate, and Hamakaze sank
At 13:08, when the first wave of air raids was coming to an end (the electric clock on Suzutsuki’s bridge stopped. The actual time of the bombardment is unknown), a 150 kg bomb dropped from a SB2C Helldiver from USS Essex CV-9, hit the front of the bridge, creating a large hole in the forecastle deck, upper deck, and bleeding off the starboard side. Turrets #1 and #2 were also severely damaged, and all but the ammunition magazines in turret #1 were flooded. Power was lost, and turret #2 exploded from an unextinguished fire. Fuyutsuki records at 13:15 that “Suzutsuki is on fire.” At this point, the first tank room was abandoned, but the engine department personnel were not damaged, and the second tank room was able to reach 20 knots. Due to the destruction of her steering gear and failure of the speed indicator, Suzutsuki was stuck turning to starboard, but at this time, Yamato turned to port, bringing the two ships closer to about 50m, but did not collide. From Suzutsuki, it was seen that Yamato had a rudder failure flag flow signal (D flag).
At around 1:30 p.m., the second wave of attack by TF 58 carrier-based planes began. According to the report of the American attack squadron, the 2nd Fleet at that time consisted of the Yamato Guard Group (Yamato, Fuyutsuki, Hatsushimo, Yukikaze, Kasumi), the non-navigable Yahagi and the rescue of the same ship. Isokaze, with one light cruiser sailing between them. It is believed that Suzutsuki was misidentified as a light cruiser. This attack sank Yamato and Yahagi. Kasumi became unnavigable and the damaged Isokaze sailed north on her own.
After Canceling the Operation
Hirayama, the captain of Suzutsuki, who decided that the Suzutsuki battle could not be continued, started returning to base at around 14:30 after Yamato sank. Due to the 150 kg bomb hit on Suzutsuki’s bow, completely destroying it, she was forced to reverse back to port at 20 knots. At this time, a TBF Avenger from the aircraft carrier USS Intrepid CV-11 launched a torpedo, but it missed. Suzutsuki headed for the mainland of Japan, even though her nautical chart was burned and the gyrocompass was damaged. Hatsushimo sailed behind Suzutsuki and instructed her back to port. At 17:30, Suzutsuki encountered Isokaze, who was stopping offshore for emergency repairs. Isokaze would later be scuttled by Yukikaze. During the battle, Suzutsuki suffered 57 dead and 34 wounded.
Reserve Fleet
editIt was calculated that it would take about three months to repair Suzutsuki.A goal was set for completion on May 5, and carried out work that would not interfere with anchorage. Her hole was reinforced with beams in place, and her first and second turrets and machine guns removed. She departed Sasebo on 10 June, and she was moored at Ainoura with only her two rear turrets ready for firing on the gun side.
On 5 July, Suzutsuki was removed from the 41st Destroyer Division. On the same day she became the fourth reserve ship. At that time, the Suzutsuki crew consisted of about 100 people, and when she organized a farming team and a fishing team, she cleared the land (cultivating pumpkins and potatoes) and used the fishing boats she was given to procure food.During the intervening months of July and August, she engaged in anti-aircraft combat, including shooting down a P-51 Mustang with flak in August. On November 20, she was expelled from the Navy list.
After the war, she was not used as a demobilization transport due to her damage, and she was transferred to Sasebo where she was moored with Fuyutsuki. From April 1st to May 31st, 1948, she carried out work to remove her superstructure at Sasebo Ship Industry, the former Sasebo Naval Arsenal. Her hull, along with the destroyers Fuyutsuki and Yanagi, was used as a breakwater at Wakamatsu Port. Locally, it was known as a warship breakwater, but was later completely buried. Today, a part of Yanagi's hull and information board can be seen near the exit of the Wakamatsu Canal in the Hibikinada Rinkai Industrial Park. On the other hand, it was possible to enter the Fuyutsuki and Suzutsuki hulls for a while, but now they are completely buried and cannot be confirmed. Suzutsuki was the longest-lived Akizuki-class destroyer.
Footnotes
editReferences
edit- Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Jung, Dieter & Mickel, Peter (1977). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.
- Sturton, Ian (1980). "Japan". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
- Whitley, M. J. (2000). Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.