User:Zhen Lin/Japanese morphology chart

Main chart

Base	Verbs								Adjectives			Use
	godan				ichidan		ka-hen	sa-hen	keiyōshi	keiyōdōshi
		iku	aru		kami	shimo				na	ta
Example	ka-ku	i-ku	a-ru	goza-ru	m-iru	tab-eru	kuru	suru	kuro-i	shizuka-na	dōdō-to
mizenkei	~a	ka	ra	ra	i	e	ko	se	kara	nara	tara	All: negative: -zu, -nu, -n. Non-v5: negative subjunctive: -mai.
								shi				All: negative: -nai. suru: negative subjunctive: -mai.
	~o	ko	ro	ro					karo	daro		v5: subjunctive: -u. Non-v5: subjunctive: -yō. Adjectives: subjunctive: -u.
renyōkei	~i	ki	ri	i	i	e	ki	shi				Verbs: polite: -masu. gozaru-type: imperative.
				ri					ku	de		All: listing. Adjectives: predicative: aru; negative: nai.
										ni	to	Verbs: various. Adjectives: adverbial. Keiyōshi: -te.
	Varies								kat	dat		All: past/perfective: -ta. Verbs: -te.
shūshikei	~u	ku	ru	ru	iru	eru	kuru	suru	i	da		All: predicative; subjunctive: -rashii, sō-da. Verbs: requirement: beki. v5: negative subjunctive: -mai.
rentaikei										na		All: attributive; subjunctive: yō -da; nominalisation: no, (n), mono. Verbs: nominalisation: koto.
										naru	taru
kateikei	~e	ke	re	re	ire	ere	kure	sure	kere	nara		All: conditional: ba. Keiyōdōshi: conditional.
meireikei	~e	ke	re	re	iro	ero	koi	shiro	kare	nare	tare	All: imperative.
	~eru	keru	reru	reru	irareru	erareru	korareru	dekiru				Verbs: possibility.
	~areru	kareru	rareru	rareru	irareru	erareru	korareru	sareru				Verbs: spontaneity, passive, respect, (possibility).
	~aseru	kaseru	raseru	raseru	isaseru	esaseru	kosaseru	saseru				Verbs: causative, respect.

Chart of -te/-ta for godan verbs

	k	g	s	t	n	b	m	r	w	Irr.
Example	ka-ku	oyo-gu	ka-su	ta-tsu	shi-nu	aso-bu	yo-mu	kae-ru	ka-u	iku
-te	ite	ide	shite	tte	nde			tte
-ta	ita	ida	shita	tta	nda			tta

Auxilliaries

Base	Assert.		Pol.	Past	Neg.	Use
	da	desu	masu	ta	nu (n)
mizenkei			mase			masu: negative: -n.
	daro	desho	masho	taro		All: subjunctive: -u.
renyōkei	de		mashi	tari	zu	All: listing. masu: imperative. nu: adverbial.
	dat	deshi				Assertion: past/perfective -ta. masu: past/perfective -ta; -te.
shūshikei	da	desu	masu	ta	nu	All: predicative. masu: negative subjunctive: -mai.
					n
rentaikei			masu		nu	All: attributive.
				taru	n
kateikei	nara			tara	ne	All: conditional.
meireikei			mase			masu: imperative.

Classical conjugation

• i, o and e represent kōrui or neutralised i, o and e.
• ï, ö and ë represent otsurui i, o and e.
• The kō-otsu distinction is only made with:
  • ki, fi, mi, gi, bi
  • ke, fe, me, ge, me
  • ko, so, to, (mo), yo, ro, go, zo, do
• The e of keru, to kick, the only shimo-ichidan verb, does not have an attested distinction between kōrui or otsurui e.
• The i of miru, to curve, is thought to be otsurui, but it is not well-attested. All other kami-ichidan verbs are kōrui, if a kō-otsu distinction is made at all.
• Thanks to Bart Mathias for providing information on the kō-otsu distinctions.

Base	Verbs									Adjectives
	yodan	nidan		ichidan		ra-hen	na-hen	ka-hen	sa-hen	keiyōshi		keiyōdōshi
		kami	shimo	kami	shimo					ku	shiku	nari	tari
Example	kak-u	kar-u	tab-u	m-iru	k-eru	ar-i	shin-u	ku	su	yo-ki	kana-shiki	shizuka-nari	dōdō-tari
mizenkei	a	i	e	i	e	a	a	kö	se	kara	shikara	nara	tara
										ku	shiku
renyōkei	i	i	e	i	e	i	i	ki	shi	ku	shiku	ni	to
										kari	shikari	nari	tari
shūshikei	u	u	u	iru	eru	i	u	ku	su	shi	shi	nari	tari
rentaikei	u	uru	uru	iru	eru	u	uru	kuru	suru	ki	shiki	naru	taru
										karu	shikaru
izenkei	ë	ure	ure	ire	ere	e	ure	kure	sure	kere	shikere	nare	tare
meireikei	e	i	e	i	e	e	e	kö	se	kare	shikare	nare	tare