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Strabismus may also be classified based on time of onset, either congenital, acquired, or secondary to another pathological process. Many infants are born with their eyes slightly misaligned, and this is typically outgrown by six to 12 months of age.[1] Acquired and secondary strabismus develop later. The onset of accommodative esotropia, an overconvergence of the eyes due to the effort of accommodation, is mostly in early childhood. Acquired non-accommodative strabismus and secondary strabismus are developed after normal binocular vision has developed. In adults with previously normal alignment, the onset of strabismus usually results in double vision.
Any disease that causes vision loss may also cause strabismus,[2] but it can also result from any severe and/or traumatic injury to the affected eye. Sensory strabismus is strabismus due to vision loss or impairment, leading to horizontal, vertical or torsional misalignment or to a combination thereof, with the eye with poorer vision drifting slightly over time. Most often, the outcome is horizontal misalignment. Its direction depends on the person's age at which the damage occurs: people whose vision is lost or impaired at birth are more likely to develop esotropia, whereas people with acquired vision loss or impairment mostly develop exotropia.[3][4][5] In the extreme, complete blindness in one eye generally leads to the blind eye reverting to an anatomical position of rest.[6]
More descriptions about onset.[1]
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References edit
- ^ a b Nield, Linda S.; Mangano, Linn M. (April 2009). "Strabismus: What to Tell Parents and When to Consider Surgery". Consultant. 49 (4). Archived from the original on April 14, 2009.
- ^ "Strabismus". MedlinePlus Encyclopedia. US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on March 27, 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
- ^ Rosenbaum, Arthur L.; Santiago, Alvina Pauline (1999). Clinical Strabismus Management: Principles and Surgical Techniques. David Hunter. pp. 193–194. ISBN 978-0-7216-7673-9. Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016 – via Google Books.
- ^ Havertape SA, Cruz OA, Chu FC (November 2001). "Sensory strabismus--eso or exo?". Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 38 (6): 327–30, quiz 354–5. doi:10.3928/0191-3913-20011101-05. PMID 11759769.
- ^ Havertape, Susan A.; Cruz, Oscar A. (January 2001). "Sensory Strabismus: When Does it Happen and Which Way Do They Turn?". American Orthoptic Journal. 51 (1): 36–38. doi:10.3368/aoj.51.1.36. S2CID 71251248.
- ^ Albert, Daniel M.; Perkins, Edward S.; Gamm, David M. (March 24, 2017). "Eye disease". Encyclopædia Britannica. Strabismus (squint). Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.