Some cancer cells can mutate to adopt amoeboid movement.[1]
Amoebas require certain elements to contract pseudopodia.[2]
In addition to actin polymerization effecting locomotion, "blebbing" of the edges is also a contributor.[3]
In spermatozoa, actin may not play a significant role in locomotion.[4]
I could add two titled section on the two major modes of amoeboid movement. [5]
I think I'm going to focus on mostly just the these two main sources of cellular locomotion that seem to be the most prominent in the literature.
Actin-Driven Locomotion
In addition to actin polymerization, microtubules may also play an important role in cell migration where the formation of lamellipodia is involved. One experiment showed that although microtubules are not required for actin polymerization to create lamellipodial extensions, they are needed in order to afford cellular movement.[6]
Bleb-Driven Locomotion
Blebbing occurs in amoeboid cells when there is a roughly spherical protrusion in the cell membrane characterized by detatchment from the central cortex. This mode of amoeboid movement requires that myosin II play a role in generating the hydrostatic pressure that causes the bleb to extend.[7] This is different from actin-driven locomotion where the projection that is created by the actin polymerizing remains attached to the central cortex.
Another such proposed mechanism, the 'bleb-driven amoeboid locomotion' mechanism, propose that the cell cortex actomyosin contracts to increase hydrostatic pressure inside the cell. The increase hydrostatic pressure causes the cell cortex to be broken in the direction of the desired flow. During the bleb-driven amoeboid movement, the cytoplasmic sol-gel state is regulated.
cells may undergo fast transitions between blebbing and lamellipodium-based motility as a means of migration.However, the rate at which these transitions are made is still unknown. Tumor cells may also exhibit rapid transitions between amoeboid motility and mesenchymal motility, another form of cellular movement.[8]
Blebbing can also be a sign of when a cell is undergoing apoptosis.[9]
It is also interesting to note that the blebs formed by motile cells undergo a roughly uniform life cycle that lasts approximately one minute. This includes a phase involving the initial outward expansion where the membrane breaks away from the membranous cytoskeleton. This is them followed by a short static phase where the hydrostatic pressure that has built up is just enough to maintain the size of the bleb. This is then followed by the last phase where the bleb slowly retracts and the membrane is reintroduced to the cytoskeleton infrastructure.[10]
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Ideas-Elaborate on the different modes of locomotion
James Burton feedback-
I would add a short caption beneath the graphic. It seems like most wiki pictures have some sort of explanation, even if it is pretty basic/ self explanatory.
for the Actin-Driven locomotion section, are you planning on moving all of the stuff in the original article to your section or making all-new content?
There also seem to be other types of locomotion besides the 2 major ones you have listed. Some of these are discussed in the original article. What are your plans for the content not discussed in your new sections? will you create another section called "other modes of locomotion" or something, and then just leave the details that they already have? It would probably be a lot more work to find significant info to add for all types of movement, so I would suggest just having your 2 sections and then an "other" section.
Besides the things I listed, just try to beef up the Actin section you have, or just copy/paste what is already written from original article.
Peer Review by Kent Christensen
editThe changes you have planned will do a lot to improve the clarity and flow of the article. My only suggestion would be to simplify and improve the first paragraph under "Molecular mechanism of cell motion"--as I read it, it was very difficult to decipher what was being described. That may be just because I have no experience with this subject, but I feel that a re-wording of the paragraph would help people understand and gain much more from it. Either using simpler words or linking the more complicated terms to other Wikipedia pages that would offer a better description of them. Overall, I think your plans are great and you do a great job of wording the things that you are adding to the article. Ride or die baby (talk) 18:59, 28 November 2017 (UTC)
- ^ Sabeh, Farideh; Shimizu-Hirota, Ryoko; Weiss, Stephen J. (2009-04-06). "Protease-dependent versus -independent cancer cell invasion programs: three-dimensional amoeboid movement revisited". The Journal of Cell Biology. 185 (1): 11–19. doi:10.1083/jcb.200807195. ISSN 0021-9525. PMID 19332889.
- ^ Taylor, D. L.; Condeelis, J. S.; Moore, P. L.; Allen, R. D. (1973-11-01). "THE CONTRACTILE BASIS OF AMOEBOID MOVEMENT: I. The Chemical Control of Motility in Isolated Cytoplasm". The Journal of Cell Biology. 59 (2): 378–394. doi:10.1083/jcb.59.2.378. ISSN 0021-9525. PMID 4805006.
- ^ Yoshida, Kunito; Soldati, Thierry (2006-09-15). "Dissection of amoeboid movement into two mechanically distinct modes". Journal of Cell Science. 119 (18): 3833–3844. doi:10.1242/jcs.03152. ISSN 0021-9533. PMID 16926192.
- ^ Nelson, G. A.; Roberts, T. M.; Ward, S. (1982-01-01). "Caenorhabditis elegans spermatozoan locomotion: amoeboid movement with almost no actin". The Journal of Cell Biology. 92 (1): 121–131. doi:10.1083/jcb.92.1.121. ISSN 0021-9525. PMID 7199049.
- ^ Lämmermann, Tim; Sixt, Michael (2009-10-01). "Mechanical modes of 'amoeboid' cell migration". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. Cell-to-cell contact and extracellular matrix. 21 (5): 636–644. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.05.003.
- ^ Ballestrem, Christoph; Wehrle-Haller, Bernhard; Hinz, Boris; Imhof, Beat A. (2000-09-01). "Actin-dependent Lamellipodia Formation and Microtubule-dependent Tail Retraction Control-directed Cell Migration". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 11 (9): 2999–3012. doi:10.1091/mbc.11.9.2999. ISSN 1059-1524. PMID 10982396.
- ^ Yoshida, Kunito; Soldati, Thierry (2006-09-15). "Dissection of amoeboid movement into two mechanically distinct modes". Journal of Cell Science. 119 (18): 3833–3844. doi:10.1242/jcs.03152. ISSN 0021-9533. PMID 16926192.
- ^ Bergert, Martin; Chandradoss, Stanley D.; Desai, Ravi A.; Paluch, Ewa (2012-09-04). "Cell mechanics control rapid transitions between blebs and lamellipodia during migration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (36): 14434–14439. doi:10.1073/pnas.1207968109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 22786929.
- ^ Coleman, Mathew L.; Sahai, Erik A.; Yeo, Margaret; Bosch, Marta; Dewar, Ann; Olson, Michael F. (2001-03-06). "Membrane blebbing during apoptosis results from caspase-mediated activation of ROCK I". Nature Cell Biology. 3 (4): 339–345. doi:10.1038/35070009. ISSN 1476-4679.
- ^ Fackler, Oliver T.; Grosse, Robert (2008-06-16). "Cell motility through plasma membrane blebbing". The Journal of Cell Biology. 181 (6): 879–884. doi:10.1083/jcb.200802081. ISSN 0021-9525. PMID 18541702.