Detail of ethnic makeup of Estonia
editOfficial censuses were held in Estonia in 1881, 1897, 1922, 1934, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, and 2000.
The below table was taken from 2000 census. [1]
| Ethnic nationality | 1881 | 1897 | 1922 | 1934 | 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 1,107,059 | 1,126,413 | 1,196,791 | 1,356,079 | 1,464,476 | 1,565,662 | 1,370,052 | ||
| Estonian | (790,455) | (867,794) | 969,976 | 992,520 | 892,653 | 925,157 | 947,812 | 963,281 | 930,219 |
| Russian | 91,109 | 92,656 | 240,227 | 334,620 | 408,778 | 474,834 | 351,178 | ||
| Ukrainian | 92[1] | 15,769 | 28,086 | 36,044 | 48,271 | 29,012 | |||
| Belorussian[2] | – | 10,930 | 18,732 | 23,461 | 27,711 | 17,241 | |||
| Finnish | (103) | (379) | (401) | 1,088 | 16,699 | 18,537 | 17,753 | 16,622 | 11,837 |
| Tatar | (11) | (109) | 166 | 1,534 | 2,204 | 3,195 | 4,058 | 2,582 | |
| Latvian | (4,153) | (5,470) | (1,966) | 5,435 | 2,888 | 3,286 | 3,963 | 3,135 | 2,330 |
| Polish | (223) | (1,941) | (969) | 1,608 | 2,256 | 2,651 | 2,897 | 3,008 | 2,193 |
| Jewish | (3,290) | (3,837) | 4,566 | 4,434 | 5,433 | 5,282 | 4,954 | 4,613 | 2,145 |
| Lithuanian | (134) | (436) | 253 | 1,616 | 2,356 | 2,379 | 2,568 | 2,116 | |
| German | 18,319 | 16,346 | 670 | 7,850 | 3,944 | 3,466 | 1,870 | ||
| Armenian | (3) | (11) | 24 | 648 | 604 | 845 | 1,669 | 1,444 | |
| Azerbaijani | – | 422 | 264 | 543 | 1,238 | 880 | |||
| Moldavian | 2 | 229 | 451 | 738 | 1,125 | 645 | |||
| Mordvinian | (22) | 3 | 391 | 532 | 723 | 985 | 562 | ||
| Romany | (154) | 766 | 366 | 438 | 529 | 665 | 542 | ||
| Chuvash | – | 312 | 602 | 804 | 1,178 | 495 | |||
| Georgian | (7) | 22 | 433 | 422 | 450 | 606 | 430 | ||
| Karelian | (4) | 7 | 295 | 671 | 773 | 881 | 430 | ||
| Ingrian | (21) | 841 | 366 | 181 | 228 | 306 | 358 | ||
| Swedish | 7,850 | 7,641 | ... | 435 | 254 | 297 | 300 | ||
| Mari | – | 56 | 120 | 191 | 359 | 245 | |||
| Udmurt | – | 167 | 236 | 309 | 413 | 241 | |||
| Bulgarian | (4) | 3 | 98 | 163 | 190 | 262 | 204 | ||
| Hungarian | 28 | 30 | 111 | 191 | 241 | 172 | |||
| Korean | 1 | 40 | 96 | 103 | 202 | 169 | |||
| Bashkir | (1) | – | 85 | 126 | 332 | 371 | 152 | ||
| Greek | (1) | (22) | 25 | 72 | 114 | 104 | 182 | 150 | |
| Komi | 1 | 88 | 130 | 139 | 196 | 138 | |||
| US American | 18 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 133 | |||
| Uzbek | – | 465 | 224 | 397 | 595 | 132 | |||
| Kazakh | – | 141 | 195 | 226 | 424 | 127 | |||
| Lezgi | – | 30 | 52 | 67 | 178 | 121 | |||
| Ossetian | 2 | 122 | 113 | 161 | 201 | 116 | |||
| Romanian | 1 | 26 | 32 | 47 | 88 | 77 | |||
| Izhorian | – | – | – | – | 62 | ||||
| English | (194)[3] | (135) | (223) | 158 | 8 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 55 |
| Hindi[4] | – | – | – | – | – | 55 | |||
| Chechen | – | 34 | 11 | 38 | 45 | 48 | |||
| Vepsian | – | 20 | 31 | 23 | 37 | 43 | |||
| Danish | 228 | ... | 15 | 6 | 3 | 38 | |||
| Turkmen | – | 7 | 149 | 66 | 106 | 36 | |||
| Tajik | – | 207 | 45 | 52 | 113 | 35 | |||
| Gagauz | – | 7 | 27 | 41 | 69 | 32 | |||
| Avar | – | 19 | 16 | 28 | 69 | 30 | |||
| Dutch | (1) | (3) | 32 | ... | 17 | 22 | 10 | 28 | |
| Chinese | 9 | 6 | 17 | 8 | 8 | 27 | |||
| Italian | (4) | (4) | 20 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 27 | |
| Dargwa | – | 3 | 6 | 27 | 45 | 26 | |||
| French | (70) | (140) | 102 | 13 | 14 | 5 | 10 | 26 | |
| Kyrgyz | (10) | – | 21 | 49 | 46 | 81 | 26 | ||
| Turkish | 16 | 6 | 23 | 22 | 23 | 24 | |||
| Czech | 92 | 28 | 42 | 39 | 37 | 21 | |||
| Komi-Permyak | – | 12 | 20 | 29 | 38 | 20 | |||
| Arab | – | – | 8 | 15 | 11 | 19 | |||
| Norwegian | (18)[5] | (160) | 12 | ... | – | – | 1 | 19 | |
| Canadian | – | – | – | – | 18 | ||||
| Austrian | 21 | ... | 5 | 9 | 5 | 17 | |||
| Kalmyk | – | 9 | 9 | 14 | 28 | 17 | |||
| Buryat | – | 16 | 15 | 27 | 53 | 16 | |||
| Spanish | 3 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 16 | |||
| Kurdish | – | 3 | – | 2 | 13 | 15 | |||
| Lakk | – | 4 | 3 | 16 | 43 | 15 | |||
| Yakut | – | 1 | 14 | 20 | 36 | 15 | |||
| Circassian | – | 6 | 15 | 17 | 21 | 14 | |||
| Kabardian | – | 13 | 17 | 22 | 47 | 14 | |||
| Iranian / Persian | 1 | – | 4 | 5 | 5 | 14 | |||
| Abkhazian | 1 | 15 | 148 | 7 | 25 | 13 | |||
| Kumyk | – | 8 | 2 | 20 | 32 | 10 | |||
| Nogay | – | – | 4 | 8 | 10 | 10 | |||
| Karachay | – | 5 | 15 | 11 | 23 | 9 | |||
| Pakistani[4] | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | |||
| Vietnamese | – | – | – | 1 | 2 | 9 | |||
| Votian | 3 | – | – | – | 9 | ||||
| Ingush | – | 1 | 5 | 13 | 19 | 8 | |||
| Irish | 2 | – | – | – | 8 | ||||
| Scottish | 8 | – | – | – | 8 | ||||
| Serbian | 5 | 9 | 18 | 16 | 14 | 8 | |||
| Swiss | 99 | ... | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 | |||
| Peruvian | – | ... | – | 1 | – | 7 | |||
| Uighur | – | 13 | 29 | 6 | 12 | 7 | |||
| Japanese | 3 | – | – | – | – | 6 | |||
| Karay | – | – | – | – | 6 | ||||
| Khakass | – | 4 | 8 | 5 | 14 | 6 | |||
| Kongo | – | – | – | – | 6 | ||||
| Talysh | – | – | – | – | 6 | ||||
| Brazilian | 1 | ... | 1 | – | 1 | 5 | |||
| Cuban | – | ... | – | 1 | 3 | 5 | |||
| Livonian | 13 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | 5 | |||
| Nenets | – | – | – | 2 | 11 | 5 | |||
| Anglo-Australian | – | – | – | – | 4 | ||||
| Koryak | – | 4 | – | 12 | – | 4 | |||
| Mongolian[6] | – | – | – | – | 4 | ||||
| Saami | – | – | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | |||
| Slovak | – | 2 | – | 2 | 4 | 4 | |||
| Tati | – | 3 | 2 | 27 | 22 | 4 | |||
| Walloon | 10 | ... | 1 | – | 1 | 4 | |||
| Yugoslav | – | – | – | – | 4 | ||||
| Altai | – | 6 | 1 | 5 | 14 | 3 | |||
| Croatian | – | ... | 6 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||
| Indonesian | – | ... | 1 | 1 | – | 3 | |||
| Khanty | – | 1 | – | 1 | 5 | 3 | |||
| Mexican | – | – | – | – | 3 | ||||
| Nanai | – | – | – | 7 | 6 | 3 | |||
| Pashto | – | – | – | – | 3 | ||||
| Rutul | – | – | – | – | 1 | 3 | |||
| Yoruba | – | – | – | – | 3 | ||||
| Albanian | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
| Amharic | – | – | – | – | 2 | ||||
| Assyrian | – | 1 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 2 | |||
| Bengali | – | – | – | – | 2 | ||||
| Ecuadorian | – | – | – | – | 2 | ||||
| Guatemalan | – | ... | 2 | – | 2 | 2 | |||
| Nepali | – | – | – | – | 2 | ||||
| New Zealand | – | – | – | – | 2 | ||||
| Shor | – | 2 | 1 | 11 | 4 | 2 | |||
| Sinhala | – | – | – | – | 2 | ||||
| Tabasaran | – | – | 3 | 4 | 10 | 2 | |||
| Uruguayan | – | – | – | – | 2 | ||||
| Abaza | – | 4 | 3 | 13 | 6 | 1 | |||
| Adyghian | – | 5 | 8 | 4 | 16 | 1 | |||
| Aztec | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||
| Berber | – | ... | – | 1 | – | 1 | |||
| Bolivian | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||
| Breton | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||
| Chukchi | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | |||
| Even | – | – | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | |||
| Evenki | – | – | – | 7 | – | 1 | |||
| Gujarati | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||
| Hausa | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||
| Honduran | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||
| Ibo | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||
| Macedonian | – | ... | 5 | 1 | – | 1 | |||
| Mansi | – | – | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Montenegrin | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||
| Quechua | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||
| St. Vincent | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||
| Temne | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||
| Tuvinian | – | – | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | |||
| Ukwuani | – | 1 | |||||||
| Welsh[7] | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |||
| Zulu | – | 1 | |||||||
| Crimean Tatar | – | 1 | 1 | 4 | 12 | – | |||
| Mountain Jewish | – | 2 | 3 | 2 | 11 | – | |||
| Balkar | – | 20 | 34 | 1 | 8 | – | |||
| Karaim | (15) | 26 | 20 | 14 | 7 | 5 | – | ||
| Karakalpak | – | – | 6 | 5 | 5 | – | |||
| Tsakhur | – | – | – | – | 4 | – | |||
| Central Asian Jewish | – | – | – | 3 | 3 | – | |||
| Itelmen | – | – | – | 1 | 3 | – | |||
| Georgian Jewish | – | – | – | – | 3 | – | |||
| Indian and Pakistani[4] | – | – | 10 | 1 | 2 | – | |||
| Angolan | – | ... | – | – | 2 | – | |||
| Rongao | – | ... | – | – | 2 | – | |||
| Crimean Jewish | – | 1 | 3 | 7 | 1 | – | |||
| Khalkha-Mongol[6] | – | 1 | 33 | 3 | 1 | – | |||
| Oroch | – | – | – | 3 | 1 | – | |||
| Guinean | – | ... | – | 2 | 1 | – | |||
| Nganasan | – | ... | 1 | – | 1 | – | |||
| Eskimo | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | |||
| Ket | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | |||
| Creole | – | ... | – | – | 1 | – | |||
| Mozambican | – | ... | – | – | 1 | – | |||
| Nigerian | – | ... | – | – | 1 | – | |||
| Selkup | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | |||
| Chilean | – | ... | – | – | 1 | – | |||
| Malagasy | – | ... | – | 3 | – | – | |||
| Flemings | 2 | ... | 2 | 1 | – | – | |||
| Dungan | – | 2 | 1 | 1 | – | – | |||
| Afghan | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | |||
| Agul | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | |||
| Bantu | – | ... | – | 1 | – | – | |||
| Bosnian | – | ... | – | 1 | – | – | |||
| Oromo | – | ... | – | 1 | – | – | |||
| Namibian | – | ... | – | 1 | – | – | |||
| Dolgan | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | |||
| Negidal | – | ... | 1 | – | – | – | |||
| Kryz | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | |||
| Nivkh | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | |||
| Portuguese | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Others | 14,508 | 2,278 (2,283) | 634 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Ethnic nationality unknown | 731 | 1,566 | 8 | 14 | 87 | 7 | 7,919 |
Notes
edit- ^ This number is disputed. Some sources report 2, but in some there is a 9 written in front of the 2, so there are also sources that display 92.
- ^ Belorussians used to be classified as Poles or Russians (or sometimes Lithuanians).
- ^ This note was attached and should be translated: "1881. a on Eestimaa kubermangus registreeritud 194 inglast, kuid Tartumaal Liivimaakubermangus inglasi, šotlasi ja iirlasi kokku 18 inimest."
- ^ a b c Previously Indian and Pakistani were considered one ethnic group.
- ^ This note was attached and should be translated: "Eestimaa kubermangus on registreeritud 5192 rootslast, 44 taanlast ja 18 norralast eraldi,kuid Lõuna-Eesti aladel Liivimaa kubermangus on märgitud norralasi, rootslasi ja taanlasi kokku 352 inimest."
- ^ a b It is not known whether Mongolian and Khalkha-Mongol were considered the same ethnic group.
- ^ It is not known whether Welsh were previously considered English.