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Passive Electrolocation in Fish

Passive Electrolocation is a process where animals (such as weakly electric fish and sharks) can detect electric fields using specialized receptors to locate the source of the object creating the electric field.

References

Albert, J & Crampton, W.. Electroreception and Electrogenesis. In: The Physiology of Fishes, 3rd Edition. In Evans, D.H. & Claiborne, J.B CPC Press. Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, Fl pp431-470
Bodznick, D., & Montgomery, J. C. (2005). The Physiology of Low-Frequency Electrosensory Systems. In T. H. Bullock, C. D. Hopkins, A. N. Popper, & R. R. Fay (Eds.), Electroreception (pp. 132-153). New York: Springer.
Collin, S. P., & Whitehead, D. (2004). The functional roles of passive electroreception in non-electric fishes. Animal Biology, 54(1), 1-25. doi:10.1163/157075604323010024
Hopkins, C.D., McKibben, J.R.,& Yager, D.D. (1993). Directional sensitivity of tuberous electroreceptors: polarity preferences and frequency tuning. J Comp Physiol A. 173:415-424
Hopkins, C. D. (1997). A quantitative analysis of passive electrolocation behavior in electric fish. Brain, 1997(suppl l), 32-59.
Hopkins, C. D. (2005). Passive Electrolocation and the Sensory Guidance of Oriented Behavior. In T. H. Bullock, C. D. Hopkins, A. R. Popper, & R. R. Fay (Eds.), Electroreception (pp. 264-289). New York: Springer.
Jorgensen, J. M. (2005). Morphology of Electroreceptive Sensory Organs. In T. H. Bullock, C. D. Hopkins, A. R. Popper, & R. R. Fay (Eds.), Electroreception (pp. 47-67). New York: Springer.
Kalmijn, a J. (1971). The electric sense of sharks and rays. The Journal of experimental biology, 55(2), 371-83. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5114029
Kalmijn, A. J. (1974). The Detection of Electric Fields from Inanimate and Animate Sources Other than Electric Organs. In A. Fessard (Ed.), Electroreceptors and Other Specialized Receptors in Lower Vertrebrates (pp. 148-194). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin.
Kawasaki, M. (2005). Physiology of Tuberous Electrosensory Systems. In T. H. Bullock, C. D. Hopkins, A. R. Popper, & R. R. Fay (Eds.), Electroreception (pp. 154-194). New York: Springer.
Schluger, J. H., & Hopkins, C. D. (1987). Electric fish approach stationary signal sources by following electric current lines. Journal of Experimental Biology, 130, 359–367.
Tricas, T. C., & New, J. G. (1998). Sensitivity and response dynamics of elasmobranch electrosensory primary afferent neurons to near threshold fields. Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology, 182(1), 89-101. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9447716
Wilkens, L. A., & Hofmann, M. H. (2005). Behavior of Animals with Passive, Low-Frequency Electrosensory Systems. In T. H. Bullock, C. D. Hopkins, A. R. Popper, & R. R. Fay (Eds.), Electroreception (pp. 229-263). New York: Springer.
Zupanc, G. K. H., & Bullock, T. H. (2005). From Electrogenesis to Electroreception: An Overview. Electroreception (pp. 5-46). New York: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research.