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| Genus: | Strelitzia |
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Strelitzia /strɛˈlɪtsiə/[1] is a genus of five species of perennial plants, native to South Africa. It belongs to the plant family Strelitziaceae.[2] The genus is named after the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, birthplace of Queen Charlotte of the United Kingdom. A common name of the genus is bird of paradise flower / plant, because of a resemblance of its flowers to the bird of paradise. In South Africa it is commonly known as a crane flower and is featured on the reverse of the 50 cent coin. It is the Official Flower of the City of Los Angeles; two of the species, Strelitzia nicolai and Strelitzia reginae, are frequently grown as house plants. [3]
The species S. nicolai is the largest in the genus, reaching 10 m tall, with stately white and blue flowers;[4] the other species typically reach 2 to 3.5 m tall, except S. caudata which is a tree of a typically smaller size than S. nicolai. The leaves are large, 30–200 cm long and 10–80 cm broad, similar to a banana leaf in appearance but with a longer petiole, and arranged strictly in two ranks to form a fan-like crown of evergreen foliage. The flowers are produced in a horizontal inflorescence emerging from a stout spathe. They are pollinated by sunbirds, which use the spathe as a perch when visiting the flowers. The weight of the bird when standing on the spathe opens it to release the pollen onto the bird's feet, which is then deposited on the next flower it visits.
Strelitzia lack natural insect pollinators; in areas without sunbirds, plants in this genus generally require hand pollination in order to successfully set seed.[5]
Species and hybrids
edit- Strelitzia alba (syn. S. augusta) – White bird of paradise
- Strelitzia caudata – Mountain Strelitzia
- Strelitzia nicolai – White or Giant bird of paradise; Wild banana; Blue-and-white Strelitzia[4]
- Strelitzia reginae (syn. S. parvifolia) – Strelitzia, Bird of paradise, or Crane lily
- Strelitzia juncea (Ker Gawl.) – African desert banana[6]
- S. × kewensis (hybrid between S. reginae and S. augusta)
Allergenic potential
editPlants in the genus Strelitzia produce no windborne pollen, and have an OPALS allergy scale rating of 1 (considered "allergy-fighting").[5]
See also
editReferences
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- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607, Sunset Books
- ^ "Tropical Flower Guide". Retrieved 30 November 2012.
- ^ "Our House Plants - Bird of Paradise". Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ a b Eliovson, Sima (1981). Shrubs, trees, and climbers. Macmillan South Africa. ISBN 0-86954-011-4. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ a b Ogren, Thomas (2015). The Allergy-Fighting Garden. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-1-60774-491-7.
- ^ Strelitzia juncae, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew