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I'm using this to document information on my conlang called Ravya.
Consonants
editLabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m1 | n̪1 | ɲ | ŋ1 | ||||
Stop | p b | t̪ d̪ | k ɡ | q | ||||
Affricate | t͡ɬ | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | k͡ɬ | |||||
Fricative | f1 v1 | θ1 (ð)1,2 s̪1 z̪1 | ʃ1 ʒ1 | χ | h | |||
Trill | (ʙ)3 | r̥4 (r)5 | ||||||
Tap | ɾ | |||||||
Approximant | w | l | j |
1: can occur syllabically
2: allophone of /θ/ after voiced plosives
3: in free variation with the cluster /bð/
4: can only occur syllabically and without a syllable coda
5: allophone of /ɾ/ word-initially
Vowels
editAll of Ravya's monophthongs and diphthongs can be nasalized following the letters n or m. There is no contrast between /Ṽ/ and /V/ before a nasal consonant. Phonetically, these vowels are either /ṼN/ or /VN/.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i y1 | ||
Mid | ʌ | o | |
Open-mid | ɛ | ||
Near-open | æ2 |
1: may be realized as /u/
2: may be lowered as /a/ or centralized as /ɐ/
Endpoint | |||
---|---|---|---|
/j/ | /w/ | ||
Start point | /æ~a/ | æj | aw |
/ɛ/ | ɛj | ɛw | |
/i/ | iw | ||
/o/ | oj | ow1 | |
/ʌ/ | ʌj | ʌw1 | |
/y/ | yw1 |
1: Only as a result of l-vocalization; found in negative 3rd person singular neuter verbs and foreign borrowings
Pronouns
editSingular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | exclusive | ja | ka |
inclusive | ma | ||
2nd person | ta | ca | |
3rd person | neuter | la | ða |
masculine pejorative | pa | ||
feminine pejorative | nya | ||
non-binary | tla | ||
4th person | ya | ša | |
Soliloquy | ha/xa |
Ravya Swadesh List
editNo. | English gloss | Ravya gloss | |
---|---|---|---|
1. | I | ja | |
2. | you (sg., pl.) | ta (sg.), ca (pl.) | |
3. | we (incl., excl.) | ma (incl.), ka (excl.) | |
4. | this | ein | |
5. | that | ein | |
6. | what? | vet | |
7. | who? | beð | |
8. | not | nei | |
9. | all | kita | |
10. | many | wit | |
11. | one | wa | |
12. | two | ðon | |
13. | big | ki | |
14. | long | tlo | |
15. | small | mi | |
16. | woman | no | |
17. | man | mu | |
18. | person, folk | kye | |
19. | fish | pšeix | |
20. | bird | az | |
21. | dog | koge | |
22. | louse | ?? | |
23. | tree | abðo | |
24. | seed | ?? | |
25. | leaf | blaoz | |
26. | root | ?? | |
27. | bark | ?? | |
28. | skin | dzeim | |
29. | flesh, meat | laxne | |
30. | blood | dükl | |
31. | bone | os | |
32. | egg | tox | |
33. | grease, rendered fat | ?? | |
34. | horn | ?? | |
35. | tail | dm | |
36. | feather, pinion | ?? | |
37. | hair (of head) | kwad | |
38. | head | qebza | |
39. | ear | kšo, güšyo | |
40. | eye | ceiš | |
41. | nose | faktayo | |
42. | mouth | boga | |
43. | tooth | tinð | |
44. | tongue | liqwa | |
45. | (finger)(toe)nail | ?? | |
46. | foot | qad | |
47. | knee | roj | |
48. | hand | mew | |
49. | belly, stomach | ?? | |
50. | neck | klom | |
51. | breast | bui, mamei | |
52. | heart | qwað | |
53. | liver | ejgat | |
54. | to drink | bai | |
55. | to eat | kot | |
56. | to bite | manti | |
57. | to see | me | |
58. | to hear | güš | |
59. | to know | uk | |
60. | to sleep | lon | |
61. | to die | fas | |
62. | to kill, slay | ðok | |
63. | to swim | para | |
64. | to fly | laot | |
65. | to walk | yeit | |
66. | to come | se | |
67. | to lie, lying | ?? | |
68. | to sit, sitting, seated | vews | |
69. | to stand, standing | pntso | |
70. | to give | pit | |
71. | to say | bam | |
72. | sun | muðek | |
73. | moon | lona | |
74. | star | ek | |
75. | water | paka | |
76. | rain | ?? | |
77. | stone, rock | sng, kwen | |
78. | sand | ?? | |
79. | earth, dirt, soil | xak | |
80. | cloud | wis | |
81. | smoke | füm | |
82. | fire | face | |
83. | ashes | klef | |
84. | to burn | voic, ckaivoic | |
85. | path, road | vya, uð | |
86. | mountain | minða | |
87. | red | him | |
88. | green | nažb | |
89. | yellow | ye | |
90. | white | bža | |
91. | black | zyak | |
92. | night | xon | |
93. | hot | kaon | |
94. | cold | maon | |
95. | to get full | yesom ckaibum | |
96. | good | zü, qapo | |
97. | new | von | |
98. | round (like a ball) | ?? | |
99. | dry | maohavi | |
100. | name | sme |
Experimental Consonant Chart
editLabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
plain | lab. | pal. | plain | lab. | pal. | plain | lab. | pal. | sib. | lat. | lab. | pal. | plain | lab. | pal. | lat. | plain | lab. | pal. | |||||
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | pʷ | pʲ | t | tʷ | tʲ | t͡s | t͡ɬ | t͡ʃ | t͡ʃʷ | t͡ʃʲ | k | kʷ | kʲ | kʟ̝̊ | q | qʷ | ||||||
voiced | b | bʷ | bʲ | d | dʷ | dʲ | d͡z | d͡ʒ | d͡ʒʷ | d͡ʒʲ | ɡ | ɡʷ | ɡʲ | |||||||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | fʷ | fʲ | θ | θʷ | θʲ | s | sʷ | sʲ | ʃ | ʃʷ | ʃʲ | χ | χʷ | χʲ | h | |||||||
voiced | v | vʷ | vʲ | z | zʷ | zʲ | ʒ | ʒʷ | ʒʲ | |||||||||||||||
Nasal | m | mʲ | n | ɲ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | w | |||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | r̥ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Tap | ɾ |