Robert Poole | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1818 |
| Died | 1903-01-15 Woodberry, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. |
| Resting place | Green Mount Cemetery, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Industrialist, Philanthropist |
| Known for |
|
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | |
| Children | Margaret Carnegie Miller |
| Parent(s) | William Carnegie Margaret Morrison Carnegie |
| Relatives | Thomas M. Carnegie (Brother) George Lauder (1st Cousin) George Lauder, Sr. (Uncle) |
Andrew Carnegie (/kɑːrˈneɪɡi/ kar-NAY-gee, but commonly /ˈkɑːrnəɡi/ KAR-nə-ghee or /kɑːrˈnɛɡi/ kar-NEG-ee;[1] November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist, business magnate, and philanthropist.
Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century and is often identified as one of the richest people (and richest Americans) in history.[2] He became a leading philanthropist in the United States and in the British Empire. During the last 18 years of his life, he gave away about $350 million to charities, foundations, and universities – almost 90 percent of his fortune.[3] His 1889 article proclaiming "The Gospel of Wealth" called on the rich to use their wealth to improve society, and stimulated a wave of philanthropy.
Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and immigrated to the United States with his parents in 1848. Carnegie started work as a telegrapher, and by the 1860s had investments in railroads, railroad sleeping cars, bridges, and oil derricks. He accumulated further wealth as a bond salesman, raising money for American enterprise in Europe. He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which he sold to J. P. Morgan in 1901 for $303,450,000.[4] It became the U.S. Steel Corporation. After selling Carnegie Steel, he surpassed John D. Rockefeller as the richest American for the next couple of years.
Carnegie devoted the remainder of his life to large-scale philanthropy, with special emphasis on local libraries, world peace, education, and scientific research. With the fortune he made from business, he built Carnegie Hall in New York, NY, and the Peace Palace and founded the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, Carnegie Hero Fund, Carnegie Mellon University, and the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, among others.
Biography edit
Railroads edit
1860–1865: The Civil War edit
Keystone Bridge Company edit
Industrialist edit
1885–1900: Steel empire edit
1901: U.S. Steel edit
Scholar and activist edit
1880–1900 edit
Anti-imperialism edit
1901–1919: Philanthropist edit
3,000 public libraries edit
Investing in education edit
Death edit
Controversies edit
1889: Johnstown Flood edit
1892: Homestead Strike edit
Philosophy edit
Politics edit
On wealth edit
Intellectual influences edit
Religion and worldview edit
World peace edit
US colonial expansion edit
Writings edit
Legacy and honors edit
Benefactions edit
Works edit
See also edit
Notes edit
References edit
- ^ MacKay, p. 29.
- ^ listed at 372 billion 2014 USD by Jacob Davidson, time.com The 10 Richest People of All Time "Rockefeller gets all the press, but Andrew Carnegie may be the richest American of all time. The Scottish immigrant sold his company, U.S. Steel, to J. P. Morgan for $480 million in 1901. That sum equates to slightly over 2.1 percent of U.S. GDP at the time, giving Carnegie an economic power equivalent to $372 billion in 2014."
- ^ Andrew Carnegie's Legacy
- ^ Hawke, David Freeman (1980). John D. The Founding Father of the Rockefellers. Harper & Row. p. 210. ISBN 978-0060118136.
Cited sources edit
- Edge, Laura Bufano (2004). Andrew Carnegie: Industrial Philanthropist. Lerner Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8225-4965-9. OCLC 760059951.
- MacKay, J. A. (1997). Little Boss: A life of Andrew Carnegie. ISBN 978-1851588329.
- Nasaw, David (2006). Andrew Carnegie. New York: The Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-104-2.
- Winkler, John K. (2006). Incredible Carnegie. Read Books. ISBN 978-1-4067-2946-7.
Collections
- Error in Template:Internet Archive author: Sauzer/sandbox9 doesn't exist.
- Works by Andrew Carnegie at Project Gutenberg
- Works by Sauzer/sandbox9 at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Further reading edit
External links edit
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carnegie, Andrew}} [[Category:1835 births]] [[Category:1919 deaths]] [[Category:19th-century American businesspeople]] [[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]] [[Category:Activists from Massachusetts]] [[Category:American billionaires]] [[Category:American Civil War industrialists]] [[Category:American company founders]] [[Category:American deists]] [[Category:American industrialists]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] [[Category:American railway entrepreneurs]] [[Category:American spiritualists]] [[Category:American steel industry businesspeople]] [[Category:Andrew Carnegie|Andrew Carnegie]] [[Category:Bessemer Gold Medal]] [[Category:Lauder Greenway Family]] [[Category:Burials at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery]] [[Category:Businesspeople from Pittsburgh]] [[Category:Carnegie Mellon University people]] [[Category:Deaths from bronchopneumonia]] [[Category:English-language spelling reform advocates]] [[Category:Gilded Age]] [[Category:Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees]] [[Category:American librarianship and human rights]] [[Category:Massachusetts Republicans]] [[Category:Non-interventionism]] [[Category:People associated with the University of Birmingham]] [[Category:People from Dunfermline]] [[Category:People from Lenox, Massachusetts]] [[Category:Progressive Era in the United States]] [[Category:Rectors of the University of St Andrews]] [[Category:Scottish billionaires]] [[Category:Scottish deists]] [[Category:Scottish emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Scottish spiritualists]] [[Category:U.S. Steel]] [[Category:University and college founders]] [[Category:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]