Sachinsamarmall

Brief History of Mall-Sainthwar Community

Our Biradari comprises of Malls,Sainthwars

History : The fact ………….. By Sachin Mall

The Malls are Vishen Rajputs of Majhauli who got the area of Madhuban following administrative division of the Majhauli kingdom at the time of Akbar. These Mall-Vishen Rajputs are one of the most prominent and old Rajput families of eastern U.P. In Ancient India they were very strong and were rulers of the Mall Mahajanpad. The Sainthwars are not a single family but they comprise of 36-37 clans of Rajputs who had to migrate to easern u.p. from Punjab , Rajsthan and Kashmir during the reign of Jahangir. In 1625 Jahangir was taken into custody by his ex General Mahawat Khan in Kashmir . He was assisted by Raja Nattha Mall of Majhauli and other Rajputs including Raja Moti Das of Sihat in Jalandhar ( Punjab ).However the rebel was crushed by Noorjahan’s skill and force. The defeated Rajputs had to flee in different parts of the country. A group of 36-37 types of Rajput families led by Raja Moti Das of Sihat fled to eastern u.p. and took shelter in Majhauli and nearby regions at the invitation of Raja Nattha Mall of Majhauli as they were in the same army led by Mahawat Khan. these 36-37 clans of Rajputs were later on called as Sihatwars or Sainthwars on the name of their leader Raja Moti Das’s old estate Sihat The Gaharwars are descendents of Raja Jai Chand’s (of Kannauj) younger brother Manik Chand. They established a kingdom at Raj Kantit in south of Allahabad . In 1564 Raja Dadu Rai of Raj Kantit was killed by Ali Kuli Khan and Bahadur Khan. His son Bhual alais Bupal Rai took shelter in Majhauli as Raja Madhav Mall was his fufa. Raja Madhav Mall was later on given the area of Madhuban (named after him). Majhauli was ruled by his nephew Bheem Mall after he became adult.Bhual Rai helped Raja Majhauli in dethrowing Makwani Raja and was given 5 villages at Sidhua Jobana in Padrauna. Thus Bhual Rai became the founder of Padrauna estate. The area ruled by these Rais is also known as Raikkar.Luxmipur,Shekhwania,Semara, Bishunpura,Shivrajpur etc villages are well known. The Sainthwar Rajputs were outsiders and were not accepted as such by local Rajputs except a branch of Mall-Vishen Rajputs of Majhauli (later on Madhuban) and Gaharwar Rajputs of Padrauna. As Nattha Mall of Majhauli was known to them before they came to this place and were oblized to him they made marital ties with a group of Malls. The Sainthwars considered themselves to be of purest breed of Rajputs and they made marital ties with only those Rajputs who according to them were of so they kept on marrying within these 36-37 clans of Rajputs who were later on known as Sainthwars. These clans are described in AINE-AKBARI at different pages.( for details see VISHEN VANSH DARPAN . Please scan it from the book.)

They are khagis, Thakurais, Mohits, Karkotaks, Dovis, Mohatas, Soharas, Mangras, Pushkars, Bellas, Bathis, Usakas, Barhajas, Bais, Sahajas, Rawats, Kotharies, Rajpallies, Khuthanias, Barwas, Pundaris, Darwes, Bhakkhars etc . Raj Bali Pandey in his book ‘Gorakhpur ke Kshatriyon Ka Itihas’ made a new theory about the origin of Sainthwars.He called them as Sansthagarik Kshatriya of Mall Mahajanpad who had taken to Buddhism.However no book written before him has ever mentioned this word Sansthagarik. There is no resemblence between the word Sainthwar and Sansthagarik neither by pronounciation nor by words.So Raj Bali Pandey’s theory is not acceptable. The Sainthwars derive their name from ‘Sihat’ where their leader Raja Moti DAS ruled. see the resemblence Sihatwar – Sainthwar. During the period of Aurangzeb a lot of Rajputs were forced to accept Islam.Raja Bodh Mall of Majhauli was also forcefully made Muslim and was given the name ‘Salim’. When he returned to Majhauli his Rani asked him not to enter the palace. so he shifted to border and made Salempur his capital after his new name Salim. When he expired many of his relatives and pattidars bycotted his Brahm Bhoj. Madhuban was nearest pattidar and were strongly bycotting this. Theywere supported byVishens of Gonda,Pratapgarh and Kalankakar. Thus the Rajputs at that time were divided into two groups.Later on as time passed and Majhauli becama stronger many Rajputs gave bribe to Raja Majhauli and ate ‘BHAT’ with him but their nearest pattidars Madhuban and their supporters were still opposed to Majhauli. So the rift continued and worsened. A plot to defame Madhuban and their supporters mainly Sainthwars and Gaharwars was made. The Gaharwars of Padrauna were among the main targets as Rai Nath. Rai had not accepted Raja Bodh Mall’s request to help. Rai Nath Rai was known to have good contacts in Aurangzeb’s Darbar and was considered to be in his good faith. But he could not help Raja Majhaul;i who finally had to accept Islam. So Majhauli always thought that Nath Rai was responsible for this. Therefore his descendents had to face Majhauli’s anger.Some wrong facts were written about Madhuban, and Padrauna by Lal Khadag Bahadur Mall in Vishen Vansh Vatika. No reply was given by ourside at that time. Khadag Bahadur Mall denied Nattha Mall as his ancestor. The name of Raja Nattha Mall has been written at many pages including page38-39 of chapter 1 by Badshah Jahangir in his book TUZUK -E -JAHANGIRI. Khadag Bahadur Mall says Nattha Mall is actually Bheem Mall. He explains that due to change of positions of points Bheem Mall has become Nattha Mall . But this is not accepable as in Pharsi even if positions of points are changed Bheem can never become Nattna. (see Vishen Vansh Darpan page 39,4. Aina -e – Awadh page 270. As differences between the two factions of Rajputs continued, efforts by some like minded people were made to unite them,a conference of all Kshatriyas was held under the leadership of Raja Awadhesh Singh of Kalankankar,Pratapgarh.The conference concluded that Raja Nattha Mall was son of Raja Madhav Mall of Majhauli. Their descendents known as Malls are Vishen Rajputs.It also held that Sainthwars and Padrauna are also Rajputs and are related to Malls. A writ petition was filed by Sainthwar Rajputs in 1942 in the court of collector, Gorakhpur for the correction of papers in matter of caste. The court ordered that corrections be made as demanded. The word Sainthwar to be replaced by Kshatriya. Following this,correction were made accordingly. ( Please scan page 103,104.105&106 of Vishen Vansh Darpan ). Thus this communityis perhaps among the few communities who have so clear-cut historical facts about their originality yet because of certain persons malintentions the community is facing identity crisis and inthe name of taking advantage by becoming O.B.C., the truth is not only being forgotten but has also been made to be subcaste of such caste with whom it has had no connection.

Serious thinking about the situation seems to be necessary .

a) The first conclusion that can be drawn on the available proven facts about Mall-Sainthwar community is “ This is a Rajput community ” .

b) The community population is mainly concentrated in Eastern U.P., Western Bihar and Tarai Belt of Nepal (Central part of Northern India ).

c) Ancient history proves Mall Kingdom at Kushinagar since 500 BC (2500 years from now) ( Please see the ancient India map in the last pages of this doc ) . This is much before the rise of Rajasthan as Rajputana (after 500 AD, 1500 years from now). This indicates that people from the Central Part of Northern India (Patliputra, Magadh & Kushinagar) have migrated to Rajasthan to establish the Rajputana rule there.

The fact gets further strong by observing the resemblance with the names of existing big old known villages of Mall-Sainthwar community in the central part to those with the District/Tahsil names of Rajasthan, Gujarat & M.P (adjacent to Rajasthan). The good examples are, Pali (a strong village of our community in Khalilabad Districts) and are a full district at Rajasthan and same with Rawatpar, Siswan, and Bhusawal, Madhuban etc. Kushinagar- drives its name from legendary Kush (son of Lord Rama). He established the Raghu Kul, Surya Vansh rule in the east of Ayodhya after declaring Ayodhya a spiritual and worship place. Kush moved eastward and developed the kigdom at Kushinagar. Lav moved westward and established his rule at Lahore (now in Pakistan ). That’s how the political boundries of India were made, starting from west rule of Lav to east rule of Kush . The same Kushinagar and Patliputra area was ruled by Mall’s who took this title afterwards to identify themself as the rulers among all Khastriya. The fact gets further strength by observing use of SINGH title by Rajputs of Rajasthan during 12 th to 13 th centuries. During that period the ruler classes Rajputs were still using their classified titles like Malls, Chauhans, Parmars, and Sisodiyas etc. The non ruler classes though belonging to the same class were using SINGH as their titles. Based on this the Khastriyas of the present Northern Central part of India (Eastern U.P, Western Bihar & Tarai of Nepal region, mostly today’s Mall & Sainthwars) are originally the Raghu Kul, Surya Vanshi’s of Kush origin. As a matter of interest, the Mall king after adopting Islam came back to his capital and sent message of his arrival while being on the other side of river Gandak to the queen named Bhatpara (who was as per the stories was a Sansthagarik Khastriya). During that time the protocol was to receive the King with full honor at the doors of his fort. Queen Bhatpara after listening to the news of King’s conversion to Islam in the name of Salem refused to receive him. This ultimately resulted in a battle between the Queen Bhatpara and King Salem. The king was supported by Mughals and the Queen was fully supported by Malls. However when the battle did not come to a conclusive end an agreement was made between two. King Salem was given half of the estate to rule and made his capital on one side of Gandak River in the name of today’s Salempur and Queen continued with the old kingdom later in her name as Bhatpara Rani. Today both are two towns on the either side of river Gandak. Mughal king Aurangzeb did not like the stiff resistance offered by the local Malls and always looked for ways and means to suppress them to avoid further revolts. The present day Rajputs who were very close to Mughals due to their closeness for very long period did actually support Aurangzeb in drive to weaken the Malls to prove their dominance in the region in the eyes of Mughal king to get better return from his court. All those who supported Queen Bhatpara (King of Padrauna & King of Kundra along with their followers) were regularly discarded and also Aurangzeb put lots of Jaziya tax to Mall, who were owner of maximum land. This further forced Mall to spend more time in the agricultural fields in order to pay the huge Tax that was levied in the name of Jaziya. The reveals as why this community had more orientation towards agriculture and farming and why the present day main line Rajputs in the area hold lot lesser farming land in comparison to Mall. This also proves as why though there is very long history of matrimonial relationship with present main line Rajputs with Mall have (which is socially accepted in both communities), besides having this never ending love and hate relationship. The same fact is observed between the Rajput communities belonging to Khachawaha Rajput ruled Amber Kingdom (Today’s Jaipur) and Sisodiya Rajput ruled Chittorgarh (Today’s Udaipur ). Few common facts and resemblance that are observed between the majorities of Rajputs belonging to Udaipur (Chittor, Ranthambhor) region to Malls of North Central region of India are: • Both are more dependent on their farming for generations

• Both are very simple and brave in nature

• Both communities show very strong ties with their tradition and faiths

• Both are reluctant to have matrimonial relationships with the Rajputs who supported Mughals (It is common to observe that Rajputs of Chittor and Ranthambhor region never like having matrimonial relationships with those of Jaipur region. The same fact is observed between the Mall Rajputs of North Central area.

• Both have very strong reservations for marrying their daughter outside of their own community. This is however not seen much in Rajputs of Jaipur region or those who were always behind Mughals for their benefits.

• Both communities like to observe high standards of character and motherly attitude in their women.

Sainthwar Khastriya have all the 36 Varns in them as other Khastriyas as Rao (in Padrauna, Champaran), Bhati, Gaud

(Das), Parmar, Parihar, etc.