User:SVonW/sandbox

Student Work Log

• February 22, 2019- Chose Wikipedia article "Women In Combat" to edit.
• February 22, 2019- Selected sources from Gale Virtual Reference Library
• Clicked on a few links from existing article
• March 1, 2019-I have decide to focus on editing the "Australia" portion of the article. One of the links in this section is dead; the other one is from CNN. Australia's military has been almost completely open to women since 2013, so there should be plenty of citeable sources with which to improve this entry.
• March 7, 2019: Added image (Female soldiers of Eritrea)
• March 24, 2019: Removed irrelevant text from Sandbox; replaced image of Eritrean soldiers with one of Australian soldiers; paraphrased quote from Women In The Military
• April 5, 2019: Procured timeline of inclusion from separate Wikipedia article; read and cited sources

Heather' Comments

2.26.2019- Looks great so far! Can you add to your log what you found out by "clicking on a few links" and a bit more about what you're going to improve or add with these sources? You might want to focus on ONE country in this article. Which one?

3.11.2019- Great, Suzanna. Can you maybe delete everything else below except Australia (and maybe the photo you added). That way, I can easily read and identify what you've improved, with sources. Keep it up!

4.4.2019- Looks good. Move it to the mainspace by 4/7/2019!

Sources

• Gender: War edited by Andrea Petu
• American Civil War: The Definitive Encyclopedia, Volume 5 edited by Spencer C. Tucker
• The Encyclopedia Of War, Volume 2 edited by George Martel
• Encyclopedia Of Military Science, Volume 4 edited by G. Kurt Piehler

Australia[edit]

Female Australian soldiers in Afghanistan

The Australian military began a five-year plan to open combat roles to women in 2011. Front line combat roles opened in January 2013. The positions women will now be able to fill are: Navy Ordnance disposal divers, airfield and ground defense guards, infantry, artillery and armored units.

As of 2015, nineteen countries—including Australia, Britain, Canada, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Lithuania, the Netherlands, New Zealand, North Korea, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, and the United States—allowed women to hold direct combat roles, and many others allowed women to serve in combat-support positions ( Fantz 2015; Fisher 2013 ). However, the opening up of ranks to women has not been smooth. Militaries worldwide have generally been ambivalent about the female soldier, especially in combat positions ( Cohn 2000 ).

(The paragraph above is a direct lift from Senem Kaptan's book Women In The Military.) Reworked below:

Australia is one of nineteen countries which includes women in its direct combat forces.

ENTRY ON AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE

Women first served in the Australian military during World War II when each service established a separate female branch. The RAAF was the first service to fully integrate women into operational units, doing so in 1977, with the Army and RAN following in 1979 and 1985 respectively. The ADF initially struggled to integrate women, with integration being driven by changing Australian social values and Government legislation rather than a change in attitudes within the male-dominated military.

A RAAF pilot conducting pre-flight checks of a C-130J-30 Super Hercules deployed to the Middle East in 2009

The number of positions available to women in the ADF has increased over time. Although servicewomen were initially barred from combat positions, these restrictions began to be lifted in 1990. In September 2011 Minister for Defence Stephen Smith announced that the Cabinet had decided to remove all restrictions on women serving in combat positions, and that this change would come into effect within five years. This decision was supported by the CDF and the chiefs of the services. Women became able to apply for all positions other than special forces roles in the Army on 1 January 2013. This remaining restriction was removed during 2016.

Despite the expansion in the number of positions available to women and other changes which aim to encourage increased female recruitment and retention, the growth in the proportion of female permanent defence personnel has been slow. In the 1989–1990 financial year women made up 11.4% of the ADF personnel. In the 2008–2009 financial year women occupied 13.5% of ADF positions. During the same period the proportion of civilian positions filled by women in the Australian Defence Organisation increased from 30.8% to 42.8%. As of 30 June 2017, women made up 16.7% of the ADF's permanent force and 17.1% of reservists. The proportion of women in the permanent force differs by service: 13.2% of members of the Army are female, compared to 20.4% of the RAN and 20.6% for the RAAF. In 2015 the ADF adopted targets to increase the proportion of service personnel who are female by 2023: by this time it is planned that women will make up 25% of the RAN, 15% of the Army and 25% of the RAAF.

There continue to be concerns over the incidence of sexual abuse and gender-based discrimination in the ADF. In 2014 the Defence Abuse Response Taskforce estimated that around 1,100 currently-serving ADF personnel had abused other members of the military, and recommended that a royal commission be conducted to investigate long-running allegations of sexual abuse and assault of servicewomen at the Australian Defence Force Academy. In 2013 Chief of Army General David Morrison publicly released a video in which he warned against gender-based discrimination, and stated that he would dismiss members of the Army who engaged in such conduct.

REWORKED

During Australia's participation in World War II, the Australian military created a sub-branch of each of its armed forces specifically for females. In 1977, the Royal Australian Air Force was the first Australian service to fully integrate women. The Australian Army was next, in 1977, followed by the Royal Australian Navy in 1985. Servicewomen's combat restrictions were eased beginning in 1990. In 2011, Defence Minister Stephen Smith announced that the Australian Cabinet had lifted all gender-based restrictions for women in combat.

Special:BookSources/9781857438352