• Autonomy: In his first series of experiments at the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital in Brooklyn, he was found guilty of failing to provide the patients with informed consent[11]. In fact, “The Board of Regents found this had been done without the ‘informed consent’ of the patients and that Southam and Mandel were therefore guilty of ‘fraud and deceit in the practice of medicine.’"[11]
  • Justice: In his prison experiments at the Ohio State Penitentiary, Southam limited his sample population to a sample size of just 53 volunteers[12]. His failure to select volunteers from a larger, more diverse population violates justice since the prisoners were unable to benefit from the research conducted on them.