丹吉尔（英语：Tangier或Tangiers；柏柏尔语及阿拉伯语：Tanja，طنچة；西班牙语：Tánger；法语：Tanger)，又译坦几亚，是北非国家摩洛哥北部的一个滨海城市，在直布罗陀海峡西面的入口，与大西洋及地中海的交界。有定期渡轮连接西班牙本土最南端的城市塔里法（Tarifa）。
距离西班牙14公里，距离直布罗陀（Gibraltar）60公里。
85万人口。
丹吉尔是一个历史名城，早在前6世纪，腓尼基人称雄于地中海时，就已在当地建立殖民地。由于坦几亚位处于地中海的出口，所以一直以来都是兵家必争之地。从15世纪开始，坦几亚一直都是西班牙和葡萄牙两个争夺的地方；第二次世界大战结束、摩洛哥独立之后，1956年摩洛哥收回行政权；1960年完全恢复主权；1962年起成为自由港，并为王室避暑地；1965年建立自由贸易区。
铁路线距离Rabat 250公里，Casablanca 330公里。
景点
editThe Grand Socco (The Large Market)
This is the dynamic heart of Tangiers. As the name suggests, it used to be a marketplace and a casual entertainment center in the crowdier traditonal sense similar to Jamaa-el-Fna in Marrakech. It's now more of a place to leisurely stroll,get a feel of the city,relax on a nearby cafe and do some people watching in preparation for your tour off to the Medina gate to the Rue d'Italie.
This place is also the bridging point between the old medina and modern town. More importantly, this spot holds a nationalistic pride for Moroccans in general since it witnessed the historically famous call for independence speech made by late king Mohamed V in 1947.
The Old medina
Old medinas are rich of history and culture and are unique. Most of these are located in the hot non-coastal regions of Morocco. But then again Morocco itself is an ancient country and old medinas, to a lesser depth, are also found in coastal cities, and Tangiers happens to be one of them.
Yep,Tangier(also Tangiers) still cheriches its old organs. Taxi drivers are knowledgeable about their hometowns and know its history wholeheartedly. They can take you there, sit back and relax while glancing to see old tanks and hearing about the Spanish and Portuguese pirates and how tangiers tried to protect itself from the shore.
The Kasbah
Part of the old medina is The Kasbah,it stands on an upper level hilly site of town which gives it a great access view point over to the Straits of Gibraltar,neighboring Spain and the Tangier port to its right. The Kasbah,whose fortifications are amazingly in very good condtion, embodies a 17th. century Dar el Makhzen (The House of the Governor). It now serves as a museum for Moroccan arts and archeology.Beyond its front gates,hide nice carved ceilings and beautiful gardens. For photography fans, the place looks nicer at sunset and sunrise.
The American Legation (cultural centre and museum)
Right in the heart of the old Medina, stands a historic American landmark attesting to Morocco'old diplomatic and cultural relations with the United States. Morocco was the first country to recognize the independence of the United States. In fact, this is even United States'only historic landmark overseas.
The American Legation was established back in 1777. The building is listed on the Secretary of State’s Register of Culturally Significant Property. Important enough since it is the first American property outside the US territory. It is located at 8 Zankat America (Avenue of America).
The building contains a museum,library and a conference center. So if you are into into history,old documents,arts(it holds artists meetings and exhibitions), this place worths its visit.
Caves of Hercules (La Grotte d'Hercules)
Driving about 14 kms west of Tangier at Cap Spartel,a rendezvous with a stunning archeological point of interest is awaiting you - The Caves of Hercules.
On the way, Get your camera ready,sit back and relax while enjoying a look down on the fascinating atlantic beach scenery and Tangiers'mountaineous landscape.
You can do a camel ride on your way to Hercules Cave. Camels are supposed to be in the desert. But for the sake of ease and flexibility,they are often brought from their environment to the coastal cities during the high tourist season.
A camel ride in Tangiers does not replace a camel trekking excursion in Erg Chebi/Merzouga. But it can give you that romantic feeling being on top of a camel.
Hercules refers,of course,to the mythical figure Hercules who founded Tangier and carved out the Straits of Gibraltar with one blow from his sword. the caves apparently used to be his rest place after finishing his 12 labors. It is not conclusive how these caves have been formed.
Apparently,they have been carved in part by nature and in part by man. The caves have been reported to be used as dwellings by some ancient civilizattion who quarried stone since the Archaeological excavations have produced evidence of human bones and flints remnants the findings of which can found at the Kasba museum. For safety reasons, only a small percentage of the caves are open to visitors.
The caves are situated at about 100 meters above the Robinson Plage that stretches off to the south. Views from inside the caves looking out over the ocean are of great beauty. The opening itself matches the map of Africa. Historically, we're talking about a Neolithic habitation 6000 BC. The caves were discovered in 1878 and opened to the public in 1920.in 1952,it became a National Heritage site.
The other neighbouring caves(the Cave of Ace Sayfia,Al Alia Cave and Al Khil Cave) also found to contain prehistoric remains from the Neolithic period.Also worth a visit are the nearby Roman ruins of Cotta- A 2nd century Roman town. It's no more than 5 minutes walk from The Caves of Hercules. Some section of the site still shows signs of the typical Roman baths and temples. Shopping in Bazaars and Souks
Great place for bargains in leather,carpets,copper and othe hand-made crafts and souvenirs.
Forbes Museum
As per wikipedia:
"Forbes Museum of Tangier was a museum founded by the American publisher of Forbes magazine, Malcolm Forbes. The museum had been located in Malcolm Forbes' Palais Mendoub, a grand 10-acre (40,000 m2) property located on the Marshan in Tangier, and had a collection of a total of 115,000 models of lead soldiers.
These figures re-enacted the major battles of history; from Waterloo to Dien Bien Phû, realistically recreated with lighting and sound effects. Entire armies stood on guard in the showcases, while in the garden, 600 statuettes bear silent homage to the Battle of Three Kings.
After Forbes' death in 1990, the property was put up for sale by the children and is now owned by the government of Morocco as a residence for visiting dignitaries.
Film Location - The Forbes Museum was chosen for the villain's lair for the 15th James Bond Film The Living Daylights 1987 starring Timothy Dalton.
Brad Whitaker played by Joe Don Baker was an international arms-dealer who also had a fetish for warfare and collecting military items."
渡轮
editTarifa-Tangier run by FRS every hour from 9am till 11pm. 37 Euros for an adult single foot passenger (price may have changed, please check with the agency). The ferry ride takes 1h/15m.
- tangier to tanger-med can only done by taxi and would cost 40 euros
- tangier to tarifa hyfrofoil runs every hour
- tarifa to algecira bus costs 2.45 euros
- for tarifa its the most southerly point of iberia peninsula, worth to see the castle as well (just next to the pier)
the downside of this way is, from pier of tarifa to bus station takes 15 minutes walk may be tough for travellers carrying packs.
Algeciras-tangier run by ACCIONA at 7am,9:30am,2pm,2:30pm,and 10pm.The ferry ride takes 2h/30m.
Tarfia --> Tangier: €33.50，来回 81欧元
Tangier --> Tarfia Dh 390, about 36 Euro
Tangier --> Algeciras Dh 395
Tanger Med港
editTanger-Med港位于城东40公里处。2007年启用，地中海地区和非洲最大的港口之一。
有渡轮从Tanger-Med前往西班牙阿尔赫西拉斯市（英语：Algeciras）及英属直布罗陀，航程同约80分钟。
从Tangier城到Tanger Med港有两种方法。
方法一
You can use the train service between Tanger Med and the Tanger火车站。 ONCF enables you to buy a Supratours bus service ticket from Tanger Ville to Tanger Med(and vice versa). This is ideal if you are leaving morocco and coming from Rabat/Casablanca or Fes/Marrakech. Other buses also go from Tanger Ville to Tanger Med. And you can purchase your ticket from either.
方法二（推荐方法）
Use the free shuttle service that will drop you off 2 kms from the rail station (also known as Gare Ksar Sghir station). The shuttle runs hourly (sometimes every half-an-hour depending on volume).If you are coming from Algeciras, you may be asked to show your ferry ticket to get access to the free bus pickup. A passport or some id may be required to use it on the way back. It does not matter what ferry company you used.
You need to fill an immigration card and get your passport stamped on the ferry. Look for a small open office on board to do that.When you get off the ferry, a free transfer bus will take you from the quay to the customs hall(the main port building) where an official will re-check that you have the stamp on your passport. Your luggage will be x-rayed before you walk out into main arrival & departure area. Then you only need to show your ferry ticket to catch the CTM shuttle bus to Tangiers city.
Make sure to get some cash whilst there from the ATM to the left of the ferry terminal entrance. Best option for currency exchange is the Cambio in the ferry terminal. If that is shut (saturdays), Western Union or a local bank downtown is your second option.
Once outside, the bus waiting area is a turn to the right.This is where you take the shuttle into Tangier city(an hour's drive away). If you prefer not to wait for the shuttle, you can take a taxi instead (around 20 EUROS).
The free shuttle will drop you on a roundabout downtown Tangier near a bus stop called Place Jamiaa Al Arabia (2km from the Tangier Ville train station). This is the CTM bus office, just outside the old port gate. If you're heading to catch the train, you can either walk those 2kms or take a yellow-striped blue taxi(petite taxi). Creamy colored taxi(Grand taxi) is a little bit more expensive.
Place Jamiaa Al Arabia(the roundabout bus stop) is the same point you need to reach in order to take the shuttle back to Tanger-Med. It is located just after the two petrol stations around the roundabout.The bus is also used by other local green buses. Your shuttle bus is airport-style with blue and grey writing on the front door. It is not necessary to show a ferry ticket, since many travellers prefer to purchase their ferry ticket on the ferry terminal but you can buy your ticket to Algeciras on that same spot from the CTM bus office.
旅馆
editIf you are planning to spend some time in tangiers, The Ibis hotel near the train station is a good option if you are planning to move forward to Fes/Marrakech. It is usually full unless you book in advance.
Hotel Ibis, Tangiers Morocco. Address: Route Nationale 1 KM 12 TANGER FREE ZONE 90000 Phone: (+212) 053-1060-565 (+212) 39-39-39-30 Fax.: (+212) 539-393-931