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A special school is a school catering to students who have special educational needs due to severe learning difficulties or physical disabilities.[1] An alternative is a special classroom, also called a self-contained classroom, which is a separate room dedicated solely to the education of students with special needs within a larger school that also provides general education. These classrooms are typically staffed by specially trained teachers, who provide specific, individualized instruction to individuals and small groups of students with disabilities. Special schools may be specifically designed, staffed and resourced to provide the appropriate special education for children with additional needs.
Students attending special schools generally do not attend any classes with non-disabled peers. Self-contained classrooms, because they are located in a general education school, may have students who remain in the self-contained classroom full-time, or students who are mainstreamed into certain general education classes. A part-time alternative that is appropriate for some students is sometimes called a resource room.
Special schools provide individualised education, addressing specific needs. Student:teacher ratios are kept low, often 6:1 or lower depending upon the needs of the children. Special schools will also have other facilities for the development of children with special needs, such as soft play areas, sensory rooms, or swimming pools, which are vital for the therapy of certain conditions.
In recent times, places available in special schools are declining as more children with disabilities are mainstreamed or included. There will always be some children, however, whose learning needs are not appropriately met in a regular classroom setting and will require specialised education and resources to provide the level of support they require.
History edit
One of the first special schools in the world was the Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles in Paris, which was founded in 1784. It was the first school in the world to teach blind students.[2]
See also edit
- Camphill Movement, an example of a special school in a village setting
- Alternative school, a broader, heterogeneous group of schools that may provide services for students with special needs
- Alternative education
References edit
- ^ [1] Definition of special school, accessed August 9, 2007
- ^ History of the INJA (in French)