INFO : Beginning work on ACTN4... {November 8, 2007 11:53:22 AM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein ACTN4 image.jpg {November 8, 2007 11:53:57 AM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 11:54:12 AM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_ACTN4_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1wlx.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1wlx}}, {{PDB2|2eyi}}, {{PDB2|2eyn}}
| Name = Actinin, alpha 4
| HGNCid = 166
| Symbol = ACTN4
| AltSymbols =; DKFZp686K23158; FSGS; FSGS1
| OMIM = 604638
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 55857
| MGIid = 1890773
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ACTN4_200601_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001882 |text = nucleoside binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005178 |text = integrin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042803 |text = protein homodimerization activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051015 |text = actin filament binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001725 |text = stress fiber}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030863 |text = cortical cytoskeleton}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031143 |text = pseudopodium}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043234 |text = protein complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048471 |text = perinuclear region of cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032417 |text = positive regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042981 |text = regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048549 |text = positive regulation of pinocytosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051017 |text = actin filament bundle formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051271 |text = negative regulation of cell motility}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051272 |text = positive regulation of cell motility}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 81
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000130402
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004915
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004924
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 43830167
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 43913010
| Hs_Uniprot = O43707
| Mm_EntrezGene = 60595
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000054808
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_021895
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_068695
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 28602011
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 28671040
| Mm_Uniprot = Q1A602
}}
}}
'''Actinin, alpha 4''', also known as '''ACTN4''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a nonmuscle, alpha actinin isoform which is concentrated in the cytoplasm, and thought to be involved in metastatic processes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ACTN4 actinin, alpha 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=81| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on ADCYAP1... {November 8, 2007 11:54:13 AM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein ADCYAP1 image.jpg {November 8, 2007 11:54:47 AM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 11:55:01 AM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
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{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_ADCYAP1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 2d2p.
| PDB = {{PDB2|2d2p}}, {{PDB2|2jod}}
| Name = Adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary)
| HGNCid = 241
| Symbol = ADCYAP1
| AltSymbols =; MGC126852; PACAP
| OMIM = 102980
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 869
| MGIid = 105094
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ADCYAP1_206281_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005179 |text = hormone activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005184 |text = neuropeptide hormone activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005625 |text = soluble fraction}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007190 |text = adenylate cyclase activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007565 |text = female pregnancy}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045786 |text = negative regulation of progression through cell cycle}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 116
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000141433
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001108
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001117
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 18
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 895387
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 901054
| Hs_Uniprot = P18509
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11516
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000024256
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009625
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033755
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 93503312
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 93510828
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3UYH8
}}
}}
'''Adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary)''', also known as '''ADCYAP1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1. Mediated by adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 receptors, this polypeptide stimulates adenylate cyclase and subsequently increases the cAMP level in target cells. Adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 is not only a hypophysiotropic hormone, but also functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In addition, it plays a role in paracrine and autocrine regulation of certain types of cells. This gene is composed of five exons. Exons 1 and 2 encode the 5' UTR and signal peptide, respectively; exon 4 encodes an adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1-related peptide; and exon 5 encodes the mature peptide and 3' UTR. This gene encodes three different mature peptides, including two isotypes: a shorter form and a longer form.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ADCYAP1 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=116| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Geng L, Ju G |title=[The discovery of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its research progress] |journal=Sheng li ke xue jin zhan [Progress in physiology] |volume=28 |issue= 1 |pages= 29-34 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10921074 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fahrenkrug J |title=Gut/brain peptides in the genital tract: VIP and PACAP. |journal=Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. Suppl. |volume=234 |issue= |pages= 35-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11713978 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Waschek JA |title=Multiple actions of pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide in nervous system development and regeneration. |journal=Dev. Neurosci. |volume=24 |issue= 1 |pages= 14-23 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12145407 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fahrenkrug J |title=PACAP--a multifacetted neuropeptide. |journal=Chronobiol. Int. |volume=23 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 53-61 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16687279 |doi= 10.1080/07420520500464569 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Conconi MT, Spinazzi R, Nussdorfer GG |title=Endogenous ligands of PACAP/VIP receptors in the autocrine-paracrine regulation of the adrenal gland. |journal=Int. Rev. Cytol. |volume=249 |issue= |pages= 1-51 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16697281 |doi= 10.1016/S0074-7696(06)49001-X }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nakata M, Yada T |title=PACAP in the glucose and energy homeostasis: physiological role and therapeutic potential. |journal=Curr. Pharm. Des. |volume=13 |issue= 11 |pages= 1105-12 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17430174 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on AP2M1... {November 8, 2007 11:58:08 AM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein AP2M1 image.jpg {November 8, 2007 11:58:38 AM PST} CREATE : Found no pages, creating new page. {November 8, 2007 11:58:50 AM PST} CREATED : Created new protein page: AP2M1 {November 8, 2007 11:58:57 AM PST} INFO : Beginning work on AREG... {November 8, 2007 11:55:01 AM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 11:55:18 AM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Amphiregulin (schwannoma-derived growth factor)
| HGNCid = 651
| Symbol = AREG
| AltSymbols =; AR; CRDGF; MGC13647; SDGF
| OMIM = 104640
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1252
| MGIid = 88068
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008083 |text = growth factor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 374
| Hs_Ensembl =
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001648
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001657
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr =
| Hs_GenLoc_start =
| Hs_GenLoc_end =
| Hs_Uniprot =
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11839
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000029378
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009704
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033834
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 92214799
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 92223623
| Mm_Uniprot = Q4FJT2
}}
}}
'''Amphiregulin (schwannoma-derived growth factor)''', also known as '''AREG''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. It is an autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells, and fibroblasts. It is related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). This protein interacts with the EGF/TGF-alpha receptor to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells and inhibits the growth of certain aggressive carcinoma cell lines. This encoded protein is associated with a psoriasis-like skin phenotype.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AREG amphiregulin (schwannoma-derived growth factor)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=374| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on ATP1A2... {November 8, 2007 11:56:10 AM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein ATP1A2 image.jpg {November 8, 2007 11:56:59 AM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 11:57:13 AM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_ATP1A2_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1q3i.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1q3i}}
| Name = ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 (+) polypeptide
| HGNCid = 800
| Symbol = ATP1A2
| AltSymbols =; FHM2; MGC59864; MHP2
| OMIM = 182340
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 47947
| MGIid = 88106
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ATP1A2_203296_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_ATP1A2_203295_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000287 |text = magnesium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005391 |text = sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015077 |text = monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015662 |text = ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, phosphorylative mechanism}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016787 |text = hydrolase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016820 |text = hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, catalyzing transmembrane movement of substances}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030955 |text = potassium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031402 |text = sodium ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005792 |text = microsome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005890 |text = sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001504 |text = neurotransmitter uptake}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006810 |text = transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006813 |text = potassium ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006814 |text = sodium ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006942 |text = regulation of striated muscle contraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008152 |text = metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015672 |text = monovalent inorganic cation transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015991 |text = ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030317 |text = sperm motility}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030641 |text = cellular hydrogen ion homeostasis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 477
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000018625
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000693
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000702
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 158352172
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 158379996
| Hs_Uniprot = P50993
| Mm_EntrezGene = 98660
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000007097
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_178405
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_848492
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 174108384
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 174142391
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3UHK5
}}
}}
'''ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 (+) polypeptide''', also known as '''ATP1A2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ -ATPases. Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules, and for electrical excitability of nerve and muscle. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). The catalytic subunit of Na+/K+ -ATPase is encoded by multiple genes. This gene encodes an alpha 2 subunit.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ATP1A2 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 (+) polypeptide| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=477| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Lingrel JB, Orlowski J, Shull MM, Price EM |title=Molecular genetics of Na,K-ATPase. |journal=Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. |volume=38 |issue= |pages= 37-89 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2158121 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dunbar LA, Caplan MJ |title=Ion pumps in polarized cells: sorting and regulation of the Na+, K+- and H+, K+-ATPases. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 32 |pages= 29617-20 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11404365 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.R100023200 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on C5AR1... {November 8, 2007 11:57:13 AM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 11:57:50 AM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Complement component 5a receptor 1
| HGNCid = 1338
| Symbol = C5AR1
| AltSymbols =; C5A; C5AR; C5R1; CD88
| OMIM = 113995
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20413
| MGIid = 88232
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_C5AR1_220088_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004944 |text = C5a anaphylatoxin receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000187 |text = activation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006935 |text = chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006968 |text = cellular defense response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007202 |text = phospholipase C activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007204 |text = elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007606 |text = sensory perception of chemical stimulus}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 728
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000197405
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001727
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001736
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 52504971
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 52517172
| Hs_Uniprot = P21730
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12273
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000049130
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007577
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031603
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 15405265
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 15417773
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TZ86
}}
}}
'''Complement component 5a receptor 1''', also known as '''C5AR1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Sengeløv H |title=Complement receptors in neutrophils. |journal=Crit. Rev. Immunol. |volume=15 |issue= 2 |pages= 107-31 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8573284 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Beil WJ, Schulz M, Wefelmeyer U |title=Mast cell granule composition and tissue location--a close correlation. |journal=Histol. Histopathol. |volume=15 |issue= 3 |pages= 937-46 |year= 2001 |pmid= 10963136 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yamamoto T |title=Roles of the ribosomal protein S19 dimer and the C5a receptor in pathophysiological functions of phagocytic leukocytes. |journal=Pathol. Int. |volume=57 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-11 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17199736 |doi= 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02049.x }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on CHRM1... {November 8, 2007 11:57:50 AM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 11:58:08 AM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1
| HGNCid = 1950
| Symbol = CHRM1
| AltSymbols =; HM1; M1; MGC30125
| OMIM = 118510
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20189
| MGIid = 88396
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004435 |text = phosphoinositide phospholipase C activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004981 |text = muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045211 |text = postsynaptic membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006464 |text = protein modification process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007205 |text = protein kinase C activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007207 |text = muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007213 |text = acetylcholine receptor signaling, muscarinic pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007399 |text = nervous system development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0040012 |text = regulation of locomotion}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1128
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000168539
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000729
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000738
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 62432728
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 62445588
| Hs_Uniprot = P11229
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12669
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000032773
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007698
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031724
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 8731396
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 8748612
| Mm_Uniprot = Q52KQ0
}}
}}
'''Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1''', also known as '''CHRM1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The muscarinic cholinergic receptor 1 is involved in mediation of vagally-induced bronchoconstriction and in the acid secretion of the gastrointestinal tract. The gene encoding this receptor is localized to 11q13.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHRM1 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1128| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Goyal RK |title=Muscarinic receptor subtypes. Physiology and clinical implications. |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=321 |issue= 15 |pages= 1022-9 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2674717 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brann MR, Ellis J, Jørgensen H, ''et al.'' |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: localization and structure/function. |journal=Prog. Brain Res. |volume=98 |issue= |pages= 121-7 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8248499 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on DAG1... {November 8, 2007 11:58:57 AM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein DAG1 image.jpg {November 8, 2007 11:59:46 AM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 12:00:01 PM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_DAG1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1u2c.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1u2c}}
| Name = Dystroglycan 1 (dystrophin-associated glycoprotein 1)
| HGNCid = 2666
| Symbol = DAG1
| AltSymbols =; 156DAG; A3a; AGRNR; DAG
| OMIM = 128239
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 3234
| MGIid = 101864
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_DAG1_205417_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_DAG1_212128_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005055 |text = laminin receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005578 |text = proteinaceous extracellular matrix}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005626 |text = insoluble fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015629 |text = actin cytoskeleton}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016011 |text = dystroglycan complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002011 |text = morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006461 |text = protein complex assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006936 |text = muscle contraction}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1605
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000173402
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004384
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004393
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 49482595
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 49548048
| Hs_Uniprot = Q14118
| Mm_EntrezGene = 13138
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000039952
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010017
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034147
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 108064056
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 108122025
| Mm_Uniprot = Q544G5
}}
}}
'''Dystroglycan 1 (dystrophin-associated glycoprotein 1)''', also known as '''DAG1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Dystroglycan is a laminin binding component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex which provides a linkage between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. Dystroglycan 1 is a candidate gene for the site of the mutation in autosomal recessive muscular dystrophies. The dramatic reduction of dystroglycan 1 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy leads to a loss of linkage between the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix, rendering muscle fibers more susceptible to necrosis. Dystroglycan also functions as dual receptor for agrin and laminin-2 in the Schwann cell membrane. The muscle and nonmuscle isoforms of dystroglycan differ by carbohydrate moieties but not protein sequence.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DAG1 dystroglycan 1 (dystrophin-associated glycoprotein 1)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1605| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on DBH... {November 8, 2007 12:00:01 PM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 12:00:43 PM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase)
| HGNCid = 2689
| Symbol = DBH
| AltSymbols =; DBM
| OMIM = 609312
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 615
| MGIid = 94864
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_DBH_206450_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004497 |text = monooxygenase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004500 |text = dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005507 |text = copper ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031418 |text = L-ascorbic acid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005625 |text = soluble fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042583 |text = chromaffin granule}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001816 |text = cytokine production}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001974 |text = blood vessel remodeling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001975 |text = response to amphetamine}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002443 |text = leukocyte mediated immunity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006548 |text = histidine catabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007268 |text = synaptic transmission}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007613 |text = memory}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007626 |text = locomotory behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008306 |text = associative learning}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008542 |text = visual learning}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042127 |text = regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042309 |text = homoiothermy}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042420 |text = dopamine catabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042421 |text = norepinephrine biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042593 |text = glucose homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042596 |text = fear response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042711 |text = maternal behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042981 |text = regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045907 |text = positive regulation of vasoconstriction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048149 |text = behavioral response to ethanol}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048265 |text = response to pain}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050900 |text = leukocyte migration}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1621
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000123454
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000778
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000787
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 135491306
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 135514287
| Hs_Uniprot = P09172
| Mm_EntrezGene = 13166
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000000889
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_138942
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_620392
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 26987242
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 27004928
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3V1U4
}}
}}
'''Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase)''', also known as '''DBH''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is an oxidoreductase belonging to the copper type II, ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase family. It is present in the synaptic vesicles of postganglionic sympathetic neurons and converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It exists in both soluble and membrane-bound forms, depending on the absence or presence, respectively, of a signal peptide.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DBH dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1621| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Kopecková M, Paclt I, Goetz P |title=Polymorphisms and low plasma activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in ADHD children. |journal=Neuro Endocrinol. Lett. |volume=27 |issue= 6 |pages= 748-54 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17187001 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on GAL... {November 8, 2007 12:16:22 PM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 12:16:56 PM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
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| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Galanin
| HGNCid = 4114
| Symbol = GAL
| AltSymbols =; GALN; GLNN; MGC40167
| OMIM = 137035
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 7724
| MGIid = 95637
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_GAL_214240_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005184 |text = neuropeptide hormone activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006939 |text = smooth muscle contraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007218 |text = neuropeptide signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007399 |text = nervous system development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030073 |text = insulin secretion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030252 |text = growth hormone secretion}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 51083
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000069482
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_057057
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_015973
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 68208602
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 68215218
| Hs_Uniprot = P22466
| Mm_EntrezGene = 14419
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000024907
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010253
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034383
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 3410095
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 3414112
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3V002
}}
}}
'''Galanin''', also known as '''GAL''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Wynick D, Thompson SW, McMahon SB |title=The role of galanin as a multi-functional neuropeptide in the nervous system. |journal=Current opinion in pharmacology |volume=1 |issue= 1 |pages= 73-7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11712539 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Vrontakis ME |title=Galanin: a biologically active peptide. |journal=Current drug targets. CNS and neurological disorders |volume=1 |issue= 6 |pages= 531-41 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12769595 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mufson EJ, Counts SE, Perez SE, Binder L |title=Galanin plasticity in the cholinergic basal forebrain in Alzheimer's disease and transgenic mice. |journal=Neuropeptides |volume=39 |issue= 3 |pages= 233-7 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15893372 |doi= 10.1016/j.npep.2004.12.005 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Berger A, Santic R, Hauser-Kronberger C, ''et al.'' |title=Galanin and galanin receptors in human cancers. |journal=Neuropeptides |volume=39 |issue= 3 |pages= 353-9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15944034 |doi= 10.1016/j.npep.2004.12.016 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Robinson JK, Bartfai T, Langel U |title=Galanin/GALP receptors and CNS homeostatic processes. |journal=CNS & neurological disorders drug targets |volume=5 |issue= 3 |pages= 327-34 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16787232 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on GDF15... {November 8, 2007 12:15:35 PM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 12:16:22 PM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Growth differentiation factor 15
| HGNCid = 30142
| Symbol = GDF15
| AltSymbols =; PDF; GDF-15; MIC-1; MIC1; NAG-1; PLAB; PTGFB
| OMIM = 605312
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 3576
| MGIid = 1346047
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_GDF15_221577_x_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008083 |text = growth factor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007179 |text = transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 9518
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000130513
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004855
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004864
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 18357968
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 18360987
| Hs_Uniprot = Q99988
| Mm_EntrezGene = 23886
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000038508
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011819
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035949
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 8
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 73558380
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 73561084
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TU76
}}
}}
'''Growth differentiation factor 15''', also known as '''GDF15''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Bone morphogenetic proteins (e.g., BMP5; MIM 112265) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (see TGFB1; MIM 190180) superfamily and regulate tissue differentiation and maintenance. They are synthesized as precursor molecules that are processed at a dibasic cleavage site to release C-terminal domains containing a characteristic motif of 7 conserved cysteines in the mature protein.[supplied by OMIM]<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GDF15 growth differentiation factor 15| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9518| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on LAMC2... {November 8, 2007 12:00:43 PM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 12:01:31 PM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Laminin, gamma 2
| HGNCid = 6493
| Symbol = LAMC2
| AltSymbols =; B2T; BM600; EBR2; EBR2A; LAMB2T; LAMNB2; MGC138491; MGC141938
| OMIM = 150292
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 4062
| MGIid = 99913
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_LAMC2_202267_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008201 |text = heparin binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005604 |text = basement membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005610 |text = laminin-5 complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008544 |text = epidermis development}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3918
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000058085
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005553
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005562
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 181422022
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 181480662
| Hs_Uniprot = Q13753
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16782
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000026479
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008485
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032511
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 154886248
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 154948205
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3UI29
}}
}}
'''Laminin, gamma 2''', also known as '''LAMC2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The biological functions of the different chains and trimer molecules are largely unknown, but some of the chains have been shown to differ with respect to their tissue distribution, presumably reflecting diverse functions in vivo. This gene encodes the gamma chain isoform laminin, gamma 2. The gamma 2 chain, formerly thought to be a truncated version of beta chain (B2t), is highly homologous to the gamma 1 chain; however, it lacks domain VI, and domains V, IV and III are shorter. It is expressed in several fetal tissues but differently from gamma 1, and is specifically localized to epithelial cells in skin, lung and kidney. The gamma 2 chain together with alpha 3 and beta 3 chains constitute laminin 5 (earlier known as kalinin), which is an integral part of the anchoring filaments that connect epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane. The epithelium-specific expression of the gamma 2 chain implied its role as an epithelium attachment molecule, and mutations in this gene have been associated with junctional epidermolysis bullosa, a skin disease characterized<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LAMC2 laminin, gamma 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3918| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on MDK... {November 8, 2007 12:01:31 PM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein MDK image.jpg {November 8, 2007 12:02:04 PM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 12:02:23 PM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_MDK_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1mkc.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1mkc}}, {{PDB2|1mkn}}
| Name = Midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2)
| HGNCid = 6972
| Symbol = MDK
| AltSymbols =; MK; FLJ27379; NEGF2
| OMIM = 162096
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1792
| MGIid = 96949
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MDK_209035_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008083 |text = growth factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008201 |text = heparin binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007399 |text = nervous system development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009611 |text = response to wounding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030154 |text = cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030325 |text = adrenal gland development}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 4192
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000110492
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001012333
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001012333
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 46359194
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 46361948
| Hs_Uniprot = P21741
| Mm_EntrezGene = 17242
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000027239
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001012335
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001012335
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 91730660
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 91733121
| Mm_Uniprot = Q2LEK5
}}
}}
'''Midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2)''', also known as '''MDK''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on MUC4... {November 8, 2007 12:02:23 PM PST} CREATE : Found no pages, creating new page. {November 8, 2007 12:03:45 PM PST} CREATED : Created new protein page: MUC4 {November 8, 2007 12:03:52 PM PST} INFO : Beginning work on NCF2... {November 8, 2007 12:03:52 PM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein NCF2 image.jpg {November 8, 2007 12:04:24 PM PST} CREATE : Found no pages, creating new page. {November 8, 2007 12:04:38 PM PST} CREATED : Created new protein page: NCF2 {November 8, 2007 12:04:45 PM PST} INFO : Beginning work on PAX2... {November 8, 2007 12:04:45 PM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: {November 8, 2007 12:05:38 PM PST} CREATE : Found no pages, creating new page. {November 8, 2007 12:05:46 PM PST} CREATED : Created new protein page: PAX2 {November 8, 2007 12:05:53 PM PST} INFO : Beginning work on PMS2... {November 8, 2007 12:06:36 PM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein PMS2 image.jpg {November 8, 2007 12:07:16 PM PST} CREATE : Found no pages, creating new page. {November 8, 2007 12:07:31 PM PST} CREATED : Created new protein page: PMS2 {November 8, 2007 12:07:39 PM PST} INFO : Beginning work on POLA1... {November 8, 2007 12:07:39 PM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: {November 8, 2007 12:08:10 PM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 12:08:23 PM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_POLA1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1k0p.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1k0p}}, {{PDB2|1k18}}, {{PDB2|1n5g}}
| Name = Polymerase (DNA directed), alpha 1
| HGNCid = 9173
| Symbol = POLA1
| AltSymbols =; DKFZp686K1672; POLA
| OMIM = 312040
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 6802
| MGIid = 99660
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_POLA1_204835_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003682 |text = chromatin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003889 |text = alpha DNA polymerase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003896 |text = DNA primase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005529 |text = sugar binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008408 |text = 3'-5' exonuclease activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000785 |text = chromatin}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005635 |text = nuclear envelope}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005654 |text = nucleoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005658 |text = alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005730 |text = nucleolus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016363 |text = nuclear matrix}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000084 |text = S phase of mitotic cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000731 |text = DNA synthesis during DNA repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006270 |text = DNA replication initiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006272 |text = leading strand elongation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006273 |text = lagging strand elongation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006303 |text = double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009268 |text = response to pH}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009615 |text = response to virus}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5422
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000101868
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_058633
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_016937
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = X
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 24621957
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 24925024
| Hs_Uniprot = P09884
| Mm_EntrezGene = 18968
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000006678
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008892
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032918
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = X
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 89557486
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 89884874
| Mm_Uniprot = Q8CAT7
}}
}}
'''Polymerase (DNA directed), alpha 1''', also known as '''POLA1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Pollok S, Stoepel J, Bauerschmidt C, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of eukaryotic DNA replication at the initiation step. |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=31 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 266-9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12546699 |doi= 10.1042/ }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on POU5F1... {November 8, 2007 12:08:23 PM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 12:10:01 PM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1
| HGNCid = 9221
| Symbol = POU5F1
| AltSymbols =; MGC22487; OCT3; OCT4; OTF3; OTF4
| OMIM = 164177
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 8422
| MGIid = 101893
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_POU5F1_210265_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_POU5F1_208286_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_POU5F1_210905_x_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043565 |text = sequence-specific DNA binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009653 |text = anatomical structure morphogenesis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5460
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000204531
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002692
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002701
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 31240099
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 31246422
| Hs_Uniprot = Q01860
| Mm_EntrezGene = 18999
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000024406
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_013633
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_038661
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 35114104
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 35118822
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1''', also known as '''POU5F1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on PPP3CA... {November 8, 2007 12:10:01 PM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: {November 8, 2007 12:11:10 PM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 12:11:31 PM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_PPP3CA_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1aui.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1aui}}, {{PDB2|1m63}}, {{PDB2|1mf8}}, {{PDB2|1tco}}, {{PDB2|2jog}}, {{PDB2|2p6b}}
| Name = Protein phosphatase 3 (formerly 2B), catalytic subunit, alpha isoform
| HGNCid = 9314
| Symbol = PPP3CA
| AltSymbols =; CCN1; CNA1; CALN; CALNA; CALNA1; PPP2B
| OMIM = 114105
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 55497
| MGIid = 107164
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PPP3CA_202429_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_PPP3CA_202425_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_PPP3CA_202457_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004722 |text = protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005506 |text = iron ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005516 |text = calmodulin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016787 |text = hydrolase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005955 |text = calcineurin complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030018 |text = Z disc}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000082 |text = G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006470 |text = protein amino acid dephosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006606 |text = protein import into nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006816 |text = calcium ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006950 |text = response to stress}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5530
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000138814
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000935
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000944
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 4
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 102163610
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 102487376
| Hs_Uniprot = Q08209
| Mm_EntrezGene = 19055
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000028161
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008913
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032939
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 136608220
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 136874773
| Mm_Uniprot = P63328
}}
}}
'''Protein phosphatase 3 (formerly 2B), catalytic subunit, alpha isoform''', also known as '''PPP3CA''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Crabtree GR |title=Generic signals and specific outcomes: signaling through Ca2+, calcineurin, and NF-AT. |journal=Cell |volume=96 |issue= 5 |pages= 611-4 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10089876 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on PSME1... {November 8, 2007 12:11:31 PM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein PSME1 image.jpg {November 8, 2007 12:12:13 PM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 12:12:31 PM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_PSME1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1avo.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1avo}}
| Name = Proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 1 (PA28 alpha)
| HGNCid = 9568
| Symbol = PSME1
| AltSymbols =; IFI5111; MGC8628; PA28A; PA28alpha; REGalpha
| OMIM = 600654
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 4560
| MGIid = 1096367
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PSME1_200814_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008538 |text = proteasome activator activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000502 |text = proteasome complex (sensu Eukaryota)}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005829 |text = cytosol}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008537 |text = proteasome activator complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5720
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000092010
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_006254
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_006263
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 14
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 23661207
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 23678015
| Hs_Uniprot = Q06323
| Mm_EntrezGene = 19186
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000022216
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011189
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035319
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 14
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 54532646
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 54535608
| Mm_Uniprot = Q5HZK3
}}
}}
'''Proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 1 (PA28 alpha)''', also known as '''PSME1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. The immunoproteasome contains an alternate regulator, referred to as the 11S regulator or PA28, that replaces the 19S regulator. Three subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) of the 11S regulator have been identified. This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the 11S regulator, one of the two 11S subunits that is induced by gamma-interferon. Three alpha and three beta subunits combine to form a heterohexameric ring. Two transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PSME1 proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 1 (PA28 alpha)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5720| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Coux O, Tanaka K, Goldberg AL |title=Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes. |journal=Annu. Rev. Biochem. |volume=65 |issue= |pages= 801-47 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8811196 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.004101 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sijts A, Sun Y, Janek K, ''et al.'' |title=The role of the proteasome activator PA28 in MHC class I antigen processing. |journal=Mol. Immunol. |volume=39 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 165-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12200048 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Goff SP |title=Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1. |journal=Cell |volume=114 |issue= 3 |pages= 281-3 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12914693 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on RHOB... {November 8, 2007 11:55:18 AM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein RHOB image.jpg {November 8, 2007 11:55:51 AM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 11:56:10 AM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_RHOB_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 2fv8.
| PDB = {{PDB2|2fv8}}
| Name = Ras homolog gene family, member B
| HGNCid = 668
| Symbol = RHOB
| AltSymbols =; ARH6; ARHB; MST081; MSTP081; RHOH6
| OMIM = 165370
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 68377
| MGIid = 107949
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_RHOB_212099_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003924 |text = GTPase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005525 |text = GTP binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0010008 |text = endosome membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001525 |text = angiogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006927 |text = transformed cell apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007264 |text = small GTPase mediated signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007266 |text = Rho protein signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008333 |text = endosome to lysosome transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015031 |text = protein transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030154 |text = cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045766 |text = positive regulation of angiogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045786 |text = negative regulation of progression through cell cycle}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 388
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000143878
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004031
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004040
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 20510316
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 20512687
| Hs_Uniprot = P62745
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11852
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000054364
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007483
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031509
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 12
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 8525050
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 8525640
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TIC2
}}
}}
'''Ras homolog gene family, member B''', also known as '''RHOB''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Casey PJ, Seabra MC |title=Protein prenyltransferases. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 10 |pages= 5289-92 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8621375 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on SCN4A... {November 8, 2007 12:12:31 PM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein SCN4A image.jpg {November 8, 2007 12:13:02 PM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 12:13:22 PM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_SCN4A_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1byy.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1byy}}
| Name = Sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IV, alpha subunit
| HGNCid = 10591
| Symbol = SCN4A
| AltSymbols =; HYKPP; HYPP; NAC1A; Na(V)1.4; Nav1.4; SkM1
| OMIM = 603967
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 283
| MGIid = 98250
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_SCN4A_206981_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005248 |text = voltage-gated sodium channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031402 |text = sodium ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001518 |text = voltage-gated sodium channel complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006811 |text = ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006814 |text = sodium ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006936 |text = muscle contraction}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 6329
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000007314
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000325
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000334
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 59369646
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 59404010
| Hs_Uniprot = P35499
| Mm_EntrezGene = 110880
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000001027
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_133199
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_573462
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 106135394
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 106165480
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IV, alpha subunit''', also known as '''SCN4A''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit with 24 transmembrane domains and one or more regulatory beta subunits. They are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family. It is expressed in skeletal muscle, and mutations in this gene have been linked to several myotonia and periodic paralysis disorders.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SCN4A sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IV, alpha subunit| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6329| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Ackerman MJ, Clapham DE |title=Ion channels--basic science and clinical disease. |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=336 |issue= 22 |pages= 1575-86 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9164815 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Catterall WA, Goldin AL, Waxman SG |title=International Union of Pharmacology. XLVII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated sodium channels. |journal=Pharmacol. Rev. |volume=57 |issue= 4 |pages= 397-409 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16382098 |doi= 10.1124/pr.57.4.4 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on SERPINF2... {November 8, 2007 12:05:53 PM PST} AMBIGUITY : Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 8, 2007 12:06:36 PM PST} <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 2
| HGNCid = 9075
| Symbol = SERPINF2
| AltSymbols =; A2AP; AAP; ALPHA-2-PI; API; PLI
| OMIM = 262850
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 719
| MGIid = 107173
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_SERPINF2_205075_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004867 |text = serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005794 |text = Golgi apparatus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006953 |text = acute-phase response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5345
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000167711
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000925
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000934
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 1593070
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 1605310
| Hs_Uniprot = P08697
| Mm_EntrezGene = 18816
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000038224
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008878
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032904
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 75247932
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 75255698
| Mm_Uniprot = Q5ND35
}}
}}
'''Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 2''', also known as '''SERPINF2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO : Beginning work on SKP1A... {November 8, 2007 12:13:22 PM PST} UPLOAD : Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein SKP1A image.jpg {November 8, 2007 12:14:52 PM PST} CREATE : Found no pages, creating new page. {November 8, 2007 12:15:12 PM PST} CREATED : Created new protein page: SKP1A {November 8, 2007 12:15:35 PM PST} end log.
{November 8, 2007 12:08:10 PM PST} 
{November 8, 2007 12:11:10 PM PST} 
