AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 11:19:09 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_CD81_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1g8q.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1g8q}}, {{PDB2|1iv5}}
| Name = CD81 molecule
| HGNCid = 1701
| Symbol = CD81
| AltSymbols =; S5.7; TAPA1; TSPAN28
| OMIM = 186845
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20915
| MGIid = 1096398
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CD81_200675_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000187 |text = activation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006661 |text = phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006952 |text = defense response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008104 |text = protein localization}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030384 |text = phosphoinositide metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030890 |text = positive regulation of B cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043128 |text = positive regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046718 |text = entry of virus into host cell}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046813 |text = virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050731 |text = positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 975
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000110651
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004347
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004356
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 2355096
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 2375225
| Hs_Uniprot = P60033
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12520
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000037706
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_993688
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_998782
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 142862185
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 142877314
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3UWG5
}}
}}
'''CD81 molecule''', also known as '''CD81''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. This protein appears to promote muscle cell fusion and support myotube maintenance. Also it may be involved in signal transduction. This gene is localized in the tumor-suppressor gene region and thus it is a candidate gene for malignancies.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CD81 CD81 molecule| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=975| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Berditchevski F |title=Complexes of tetraspanins with integrins: more than meets the eye. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=114 |issue= Pt 23 |pages= 4143-51 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11739647 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ye J |title=Reliance of host cholesterol metabolic pathways for the life cycle of hepatitis C virus. |journal=PLoS Pathog. |volume=3 |issue= 8 |pages= e108 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17784784 |doi= 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030108 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 11:21:08 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_CTSL1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1cjl.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1cjl}}, {{PDB2|1cs8}}, {{PDB2|1icf}}, {{PDB2|1mhw}}
| Name = Cathepsin L1
| HGNCid = 2537
| Symbol = CTSL1
| AltSymbols =; CATL; CTSL; FLJ31037; MEP
| OMIM = 116880
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 76699
| MGIid =
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CTSL1_202087_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004197 |text = cysteine-type endopeptidase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004217 |text = cathepsin L activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005764 |text = lysosome}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006508 |text = proteolysis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1514
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000135047
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001903
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001912
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 89530254
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 89536127
| Hs_Uniprot = P07711
| Mm_EntrezGene =
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA =
| Mm_RefseqProtein =
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Cathepsin L1''', also known as '''CTSL1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase that plays a major role in intracellular protein catabolism. Its substrates include collagen and elastin, as well as alpha-1 protease inhibitor, a major controlling element of neutrophil elastase activity. The encoded protein has been implicated in several pathologic processes, including myofibril necrosis in myopathies and in myocardial ischemia, and in the renal tubular response to proteinuria. This protein, which is a member of the peptidase C1 family, is a dimer composed of disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor. At least two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CTSL1 cathepsin L1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1514| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO: Beginning work on HLA-DRA... {November 6, 2007 11:22:55 PM PST}
UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: {November 6, 2007 11:23:43 PM PST}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 11:23:55 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_HLA-DRA_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1a6a.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1a6a}}, {{PDB2|1aqd}}, {{PDB2|1bx2}}, {{PDB2|1d5m}}, {{PDB2|1d5x}}, {{PDB2|1d5z}}, {{PDB2|1d6e}}, {{PDB2|1dlh}}, {{PDB2|1fv1}}, {{PDB2|1fyt}}, {{PDB2|1h15}}, {{PDB2|1hqr}}, {{PDB2|1hxy}}, {{PDB2|1j8h}}, {{PDB2|1jwm}}, {{PDB2|1jws}}, {{PDB2|1jwu}}, {{PDB2|1kg0}}, {{PDB2|1klg}}, {{PDB2|1klu}}, {{PDB2|1lo5}}, {{PDB2|1pyw}}, {{PDB2|1r5i}}, {{PDB2|1seb}}, {{PDB2|1sje}}, {{PDB2|1sjh}}, {{PDB2|1t5w}}, {{PDB2|1t5x}}, {{PDB2|1ymm}}, {{PDB2|1zgl}}, {{PDB2|2g9h}}, {{PDB2|2iam}}, {{PDB2|2ian}}, {{PDB2|2icw}}, {{PDB2|2ipk}}, {{PDB2|2oje}}, {{PDB2|2seb}}
| Name = Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha
| HGNCid = 4947
| Symbol = HLA-DRA
| AltSymbols =; HLA-DRA1
| OMIM = 142860
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 7751
| MGIid = 95900
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HLA-DRA_208894_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_HLA-DRA_210982_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032395 |text = MHC class II receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005764 |text = lysosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042613 |text = MHC class II protein complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002504 |text = antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3122
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000204287
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_061984
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_019111
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 32515597
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 32520943
| Hs_Uniprot =
| Mm_EntrezGene = 14968
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000036322
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010381
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034511
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 33950514
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 33952226
| Mm_Uniprot = O19462
}}
}}
'''Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha''', also known as '''HLA-DRA''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = HLA-DRA is one of the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha and a beta chain, both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and its gene contains 5 exons. Exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, and exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. DRA does not have polymorphisms in the peptide binding part and acts as the sole alpha chain for DRB1, DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HLA-DRA major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3122| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Bénichou S, Benmerah A |title=[The HIV nef and the Kaposi-sarcoma-associated virus K3/K5 proteins: "parasites"of the endocytosis pathway] |journal=Med Sci (Paris) |volume=19 |issue= 1 |pages= 100-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12836198 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tolstrup M, Ostergaard L, Laursen AL, ''et al.'' |title=HIV/SIV escape from immune surveillance: focus on Nef. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=2 |issue= 2 |pages= 141-51 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15078178 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Anderson JL, Hope TJ |title=HIV accessory proteins and surviving the host cell. |journal=Current HIV/AIDS reports |volume=1 |issue= 1 |pages= 47-53 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16091223 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Li L, Li HS, Pauza CD, ''et al.'' |title=Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. |journal=Cell Res. |volume=15 |issue= 11-12 |pages= 923-34 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16354571 |doi= 10.1038/sj.cr.7290370 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Stove V, Verhasselt B |title=Modelling thymic HIV-1 Nef effects. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=4 |issue= 1 |pages= 57-64 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16454711 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO: Beginning work on HLA-DRB4... {November 6, 2007 11:23:55 PM PST}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 11:24:15 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4
| HGNCid = 4952
| Symbol = HLA-DRB4
| AltSymbols =; HLA DRB1; DRB4; HLA-DR4B
| OMIM =
| ECnumber =
| Homologene =
| MGIid =
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032395 |text = MHC class II receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042613 |text = MHC class II protein complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002504 |text = antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009405 |text = pathogenesis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3126
| Hs_Ensembl =
| Hs_RefseqProtein = XP_945196
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = XM_940103
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr =
| Hs_GenLoc_start =
| Hs_GenLoc_end =
| Hs_Uniprot =
| Mm_EntrezGene =
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA =
| Mm_RefseqProtein =
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4''', also known as '''HLA-DRB4''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = HLA-DRB4 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DRA) and a beta (DRB) chain, both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DR molecule the beta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. DRB1 is expressed at a level five times higher than its paralogues DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. The presence of DRB4 is linked with allelic variants of DRB1, otherwise it is omitted. There are 4 related pseudogenes: DRB2, DRB6, DRB7, DRB8 and DRB9.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HLA-DRB4 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3126| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Germain RN |title=Binding domain regulation of MHC class II molecule assembly, trafficking, fate, and function. |journal=Semin. Immunol. |volume=7 |issue= 6 |pages= 361-72 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8775462 |doi= 10.1006/smim.1995.0041 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO: Beginning work on RARB... {November 6, 2007 11:31:43 PM PST}
UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: {November 6, 2007 11:32:52 PM PST}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 11:33:06 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_RARB_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1dsz.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1dsz}}, {{PDB2|1hra}}, {{PDB2|1xap}}, {{PDB2|1xdk}}
| Name = Retinoic acid receptor, beta
| HGNCid = 9865
| Symbol = RARB
| AltSymbols =; HAP; NR1B2; RRB2
| OMIM = 180220
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 68100
| MGIid = 97857
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_RARB_205080_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_RARB_208530_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_RARB_208412_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003707 |text = steroid hormone receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003708 |text = retinoic acid receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043565 |text = sequence-specific DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005575 |text = cellular_component}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5915
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000077092
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000956
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000965
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 25190893
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 25614424
| Hs_Uniprot = P10826
| Mm_EntrezGene = 218772
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000017491
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011243
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035373
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 14
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 15224106
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 15612134
| Mm_Uniprot = Q8K1P6
}}
}}
'''Retinoic acid receptor, beta''', also known as '''RARB''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes retinoic acid receptor beta, a member of the thyroid-steroid hormone receptor superfamily of nuclear transcriptional regulators. This receptor localizes to the cytoplasm and to subnuclear compartments. It binds retinoic acid, the biologically active form of vitamin A which mediates cellular signalling in embryonic morphogenesis, cell growth and differentiation. It is thought that this protein limits growth of many cell types by regulating gene expression. The gene was first identified in a hepatocellular carcinoma where it flanks a hepatitis B virus integration site. The gene expresses at least two transcript variants; one additional transcript has been described, but its full length nature has not been determined.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: RARB retinoic acid receptor, beta| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5915| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Dejean A, de Thé H |title=Hepatitis B virus as an insertional mutagene in a human hepatocellular carcinoma. |journal=Mol. Biol. Med. |volume=7 |issue= 3 |pages= 213-22 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2170809 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sun SY |title=Retinoic acid receptor beta and colon cancer. |journal=Cancer Biol. Ther. |volume=3 |issue= 1 |pages= 87-8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14726690 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Saba N, Jain S, Khuri F |title=Chemoprevention in lung cancer. |journal=Current problems in cancer |volume=28 |issue= 5 |pages= 287-306 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15375805 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Klein O, Grignon Y, Civit T, ''et al.'' |title=[Methylation status of RARbeta gene promoter in low and high grade cerebral glioma. Comparison with normal tissue. Immuno-histochemical study of nuclear RARbeta expression in low and high grade cerebral glioma cells. Comparison with normal cells. 48 tumors] |journal=Neuro-Chirurgie |volume=51 |issue= 3-4 Pt 1 |pages= 147-54 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16389900 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO: Beginning work on STAT6... {November 6, 2007 11:38:41 PM PST}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 11:39:34 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced
| HGNCid = 11368
| Symbol = STAT6
| AltSymbols =; D12S1644; IL-4-STAT; STAT6B; STAT6C
| OMIM = 601512
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 2373
| MGIid = 103034
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_STAT6_201331_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_STAT6_201332_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006357 |text = regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042127 |text = regulation of cell proliferation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 6778
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000166888
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003144
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003153
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 55775462
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 55791428
| Hs_Uniprot = P42226
| Mm_EntrezGene = 20852
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000002147
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009284
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033310
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 10
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 127046117
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 127063894
| Mm_Uniprot = P70383
}}
}}
'''Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced''', also known as '''STAT6''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein plays a central role in exerting IL4 mediated biological responses. It is found to induce the expression of BCL2L1/BCL-X(L), which is responsible for the anti-apoptotic activity of IL4. Knockout studies in mice suggested the roles of this gene in differentiation of T helper 2 (Th2) cells, expression of cell surface markers, and class switch of immunoglobulins.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: STAT6 signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6778| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Jiang H, Harris MB, Rothman P |title=IL-4/IL-13 signaling beyond JAK/STAT. |journal=J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |volume=105 |issue= 6 Pt 1 |pages= 1063-70 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10856136 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kisseleva T, Bhattacharya S, Braunstein J, Schindler CW |title=Signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway, recent advances and future challenges. |journal=Gene |volume=285 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 1-24 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12039028 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO: Beginning work on TAP2... {November 6, 2007 11:39:34 PM PST}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 6, 2007 11:40:51 PM PST}
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{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Transporter 2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)
| HGNCid = 44
| Symbol = TAP2
| AltSymbols =; ABC18; ABCB3; APT2; D6S217E; PSF2; RING11
| OMIM = 170261
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 37323
| MGIid = 98484
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TAP2_204769_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_TAP2_204770_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_TAP2_208428_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004409 |text = homoaconitate hydratase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005215 |text = transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015198 |text = oligopeptide transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015433 |text = peptide antigen-transporting ATPase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016887 |text = ATPase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042288 |text = MHC class I protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042301 |text = phosphate binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042605 |text = peptide antigen binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042626 |text = ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046980 |text = tapasin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046982 |text = protein heterodimerization activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005783 |text = endoplasmic reticulum}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005788 |text = endoplasmic reticulum lumen}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005829 |text = cytosol}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042825 |text = TAP complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006461 |text = protein complex assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006857 |text = oligopeptide transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006886 |text = intracellular protein transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015833 |text = peptide transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019885 |text = antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046967 |text = cytosol to ER transport}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 6891
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000204267
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000535
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000544
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 32897588
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 32914525
| Hs_Uniprot = Q03519
| Mm_EntrezGene = 21355
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000024339
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011530
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035660
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 33814426
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 33826594
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TXM1
}}
}}
'''Transporter 2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)''', also known as '''TAP2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. This gene is located 7 kb telomeric to gene family member ABCB2. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in antigen presentation. This protein forms a heterodimer with ABCB2 in order to transport peptides from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in this gene may be associated with ankylosing spondylitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. Alternative splicing of this gene produces two products which differ in peptide selectivity and level of restoration of surface expression of MHC class I molecules.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TAP2 transporter 2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6891| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Townsend A, Trowsdale J |title=The transporters associated with antigen presentation. |journal=Semin. Cell Biol. |volume=4 |issue= 1 |pages= 53-61 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8453065 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}