Noun gender
edit| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Notes | Always ends in consonant | Uncommon | |
| -б, -в, -д, -з, -л, -м, -н, -п, and -й
-ёнок, -онок |
-а, -я, -ия (with exceptions) | -о, -е, -ие | |
| -тель is typical of masculine nouns. | -ость is typical for feminine nouns. | ||
| -ь can be masculine or feminine. Their gender should be memorized | |||
| Foreign origin nouns can be masculine or feminine, usually proper names. | |||
| Example | Он из Московской область | Ты когда-то был железной дорога? | Это Бакинское градоначальство |
Noun-adjective cases
edit| Form | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | Structure (anim. / inanim.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative Case | -ый | -ая | -ое | -ые | кто? что? |
| Accusative Case | -ый
-ого (anim.) |
-ую | -ое | -ые
-ых (anim.) |
кого? что? |
| Genitive Case | -ого | -ой | -ого | -ых | кого? чево? |
| Dative Case | -ому | -ой | -ому | -ым | кому? чему? |
| Instrumental Case | -ым | -ой | -ым | -ыми | кем? чем? |
| Prepositional Case | -ом | -ой | -ом | -ых | о ком? о чём? |
Example
edit| Form | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative Case | новый | новая | новое | новые |
| Accusative Case | новый
нового (anim.) |
новую | новое | новые
новых (anim.) |
| Genitive Case | нового | новой | нового | новых |
| Dative Case | новому | новой | новому | новым |
| Instrumental Case | новым | новой | новым | новыми |
| Prepositional Case | новом | новой | новом | новых |
Propositions
edit| Use | Proposition | Romanization | Meaning | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very common | в / во | v / vo | into, to, in, at | Я пошел в дому | I went in the house |
| за | za | behind, beyond | Взять за пример | Take for example | |
| из | iz | from | Она из россии | She is from Russia | |
| к | k | towards | |||
| на | na | onto, to | |||
| о / об | o / ob | about | |||
| от | ot | from | |||
| по | po | along, according to | |||
| с | s | with, from, since | |||
| у | u | by | |||
| Common | без | bez | without | ||
| для | dlia | for | |||
| до | do | until, before | |||
| между | mezhdu | between | |||
| над | nad | over | |||
| перед | pered | in front of, before | |||
| под | pod | under | |||
| после | posle | after | |||
| при | pri | at the time of | |||
| через | cherez | across, through | |||
| Least common | вдоль | vdolʹ | along | ||
| вместо | vmesto | instead of | |||
| благодаря | blagodaria | thanks to, owing to | |||
| возле | vozle | near | |||
| вокруг | vokrug | around | |||
| из-за | iz-za | from behind, because of | |||
| из-под | iz-pod | from under | |||
| кроме | krome | except | |||
| мимо | mimo | past | |||
| несмотря на | nesmotria na | in spite of | |||
| около | okolo | near, approximately | |||
| прежде | prezhde | before | |||
| про | pro | about | |||
| против | protiv | against | |||
| ради | radi | for the sake of | |||
| сквозь | skvozʹ | through | |||
| спустя | slustia | after | |||
| среди | sredi | between |