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User:Nussun05/List of largest known stars

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Lists

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This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

These lists adopt the Rosseland radius, the radius where the optical depth  .

Because of large error bars, many stars have the possibility of being the largest. Any star with an upper bound larger than the largest lower bound could be the largest known star.

Milky Way

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List of the largest known stars in the Milky Way
Star name Solar radii
(Sun = 1) 		Lower bound Upper bound Method[a] Notes
RSGC1-F01 1,529 ± 365[1] 1,165 1,895 L/Teff
RSGC1-F04 1,422 ± 337[1] 1,085 1,759 L/Teff
VY Canis Majoris 1,420±120[2] 1,300 1,540 AD
AH Scorpii 1,411±124[3] 1,287 1,535 AD
RSGC1-F06 1,382 ± 330[1] 1,051 1,713 L/Teff
Stephenson 2 DFK 2 1,301 ± 285[1] 1,016 1,586 L/Teff
Stephenson 2 DFK 49 1,300 ± 283[1] 1,017 1,583 L/Teff
RSGC1-F10 1,246 ± 292[1] 954 1,538 L/Teff
IRC -10414 ~1,200[4] L/Teff
RSGC1-F05 1,185 ± 281[1] 904 1,466 L/Teff
IRAS 18111-2257 ~1,150–1,437[5] 1,150 1,437 L/Teff
RSGC1-F08 1,149 ± 259[1] 891 1,409 L/Teff
RSGC1-F02 1,128 ± 262[1] 866 1,390 L/Teff
RT Carinae 1,090±218[6] 872 1,308 L/Teff
U Lacertae 1,081[7] L/Teff
V396 Centauri 1,070±214[6] 856 1,284 L/Teff
CK Carinae 1,060±212[6] 848 1,272 L/Teff
HaroChavira 1 1,058[8] L/Teff
V602 Carinae 1,050±165[9] 885 1,215 AD
RSGC1-F11 1,031 ± 232[1] 800 1,264 L/Teff
RSGC1-F13 1,017 ± 245[1] 771 1,263 L/Teff
KW Sagittarii 1,009±142[3] 867 1,151 AD
RSGC1-F07 1,005 ± 238[1] 768 1,244 L/Teff

Magellanic Clouds

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M31 and M33

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Other galaxies (within the Local Group)

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List of the largest known stars in other galaxies (within the Local Group)
Star name Solar radii
(Sun = 1) 		Galaxy Method[a] Notes
Sextans A 10 995±130 Sextans A L/Teff
Sextans A 5 870±145 Sextans A L/Teff
Sextans A 7 710±100 Sextans A L/Teff
IC 10 3 685±90 IC 10 L/Teff
WLM 14 610±80 WLM L/Teff
Sextans B 1 565±70 Sextans B L/Teff
IC 1613 2 560±70 IC 1613 L/Teff
WLM 12 430±70 WLM L/Teff
IC 10 5 420±50 IC 10 L/Teff
Sextans B 2 405±90 Sextans B L/Teff
WLM 13 380±50 WLM L/Teff
Sextans A 6 350±40 Sextans A L/Teff
Pegasus 1 340±50 Pegasus Dwarf L/Teff
Sextans A 4 335±40 Sextans A L/Teff
WLM 11 310±50 WLM L/Teff
IC 1613 1 300±40 IC 1613 L/Teff
IC 10 2 280±30 IC 10 L/Teff
Pegasus 2 260±40 Pegasus Dwarf L/Teff
Sextans A 8 260±60 Sextans A L/Teff
Sextans A 9 230±50 Sextans A L/Teff
IC 10 4 200±25 IC 10 L/Teff
IC 10 1 165±60 IC 10 L/Teff
IC 10 6 160±25 IC 10 L/Teff
Phoenix 3 90±15 Phoenix Dwarf L/Teff

Outside the Local Group

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List of the largest known stars outside the Local Group
Star name Solar radii
(Sun = 1) 		Method[a] Notes Galaxy Group
NGC 2403 10182-pr-2 1,260[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
SPIRITS 14atl 1,134–1,477[11] L/Teff M83 M83 Group
SPIRITS 15ahp 1,098[11] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
M81 10584-25-2 851[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
M81 10584-13-3 843[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
M51-DS1 ~760–1,700, ≳970–1,100[12] L/Teff M51 M51 Group
J025941.21+251412.2 ~680[13] L/Teff NGC 1156
J025941.54+251421.8 650±90[13][b] L/Teff NGC 1156
J122809.72+440514.8 620[14] L/Teff NGC 4449 M94 Group
M81 10584-14-2 537[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
NGC 2403 10182-pr-6 530[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
M81 ZH 224 474[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
M81 ZH 1143 419[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
M81 ZH 1406 399[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
M81 10584-13-2 391[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
M81 10584-8-1 369[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 884 352[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 553 349[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 S94 347[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
M81 ZH 372 331[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
M81 10584-8-2 307[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 585 302[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 912 299[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 10182-pr-1 283[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
M81 10584-5-2 279[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
M81 10584-11-1 270[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
J122810.94+440540.6 253[14] L/Teff NGC 4449 M94 Group
M81 ZH 244 241[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 335 233[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 1938 215[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 1521 215[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
M81 ZH 679 210[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
M81 10584-18-5 192[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 729 189[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 10182-pr-15 188[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 931 179[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 2313 164[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 2248 162[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 947 157[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
M81 10584-20-2 157[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 924 156[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
M81 10584-9-1 145[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
M81 ZH 364 141[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 2022 131[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 533 125[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 946 114[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 10182-pr-16 109[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
M81 10584-4-1 105[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
Earendel (WHL0137-LS) ~100–390[15] L/Teff The most distant star currently known. Parameters determined assuming the light is dominated by a single star. Sunrise Arc (WHL0137-zD1)
NGC 2403 V38 92[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
NGC 2403 ZH 2562 74[10] L/Teff NGC 2403 M81 Group
J122811.70+440550.9 67–105[14] L/Teff NGC 4449 M94 Group
M81 10584-8-4 48[10] L/Teff M81 M81 Group
J122817.83+440630.8 38–171[14] L/Teff NGC 4449 M94 Group

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c Methods for calculating the radius:
  2. ^ During an outburst.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Humphreys, Roberta M.; Helmel, Greta; Jones, Terry J.; Gordon, Michael S. (September 2020). "Exploring the Mass-loss Histories of the Red Supergiants". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (3): 145. arXiv:2008.01108. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..145H. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abab15. ISSN 0004-6256.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  2. ^ Wittkowski, M.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Arroyo-Torres, B.; Marcaide, J. M. (April 2012). "Fundamental properties and atmospheric structure of the red supergiant VY Canis Majoris based on VLTI/AMBER spectro-interferometry". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 540: L12. arXiv:1203.5194. Bibcode:2012A&A...540L..12W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219126. ISSN 0004-6361.
  3. ^ a b Arroyo-Torres, B.; Wittkowski, M.; Marcaide, J. M.; Hauschildt, P. H. (June 2013). "The atmospheric structure and fundamental parameters of the red supergiants AH Scorpii, UY Scuti, and KW Sagittarii". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 554: A76. arXiv:1305.6179. Bibcode:2013A&A...554A..76A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220920. ISSN 0004-6361.
  4. ^ Gvaramadze, V. V.; Menten, K. M.; Kniazev, A. Y.; Langer, N.; Mackey, J.; Kraus, A.; Meyer, D. M. -A.; Kamiński, T. (January 2014). "IRC -10414: a bow-shock-producing red supergiant star". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 437 (1): 843–856. arXiv:1310.2245. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437..843G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1943. ISSN 0035-8711.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ De, Kishalay; Mereminskiy, Ilya; Soria, Roberto; Conroy, Charlie; Kara, Erin; Anand, Shreya; Ashley, Michael C. B.; Boyer, Martha L.; Chakrabarty, Deepto; Grefenstette, Brian; Hankins, Matthew J.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Jencson, Jacob E.; Karambelkar, Viraj; Kasliwal, Mansi M. (August 2022). "SRGA J181414.6-225604: A New Galactic Symbiotic X-Ray Binary Outburst Triggered by an Intense Mass-loss Episode of a Heavily Obscured Mira Variable". The Astrophysical Journal. 935 (1): 36. arXiv:2205.09139. Bibcode:2022ApJ...935...36D. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c6e. ISSN 0004-637X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ a b c Levesque, Emily M.; Massey, Philip; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, Bertrand; Josselin, Eric; Maeder, Andre; Meynet, Georges (August 2005). "The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not As Cool As We Thought". The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (2): 973–985. arXiv:astro-ph/0504337. Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..973L. doi:10.1086/430901. ISSN 0004-637X.
  7. ^ Verhoelst, T.; van der Zypen, N.; Hony, S.; Decin, L.; Cami, J.; Eriksson, K. (April 2009). "The dust condensation sequence in red supergiant stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 498 (1): 127–138. arXiv:0901.1262. Bibcode:2009A&A...498..127V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/20079063. ISSN 0004-6361.
  8. ^ Comerón, F.; Djupvik, A. A.; Schneider, N.; Pasquali, A. (December 2020). "The historical record of massive star formation in Cygnus". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 644: A62. arXiv:2009.12779. Bibcode:2020A&A...644A..62C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039188. ISSN 0004-6361.
  9. ^ Arroyo-Torres, B.; Wittkowski, M.; Chiavassa, A.; Scholz, M.; Freytag, B.; Marcaide, J. M.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Wood, P. R.; Abellan, F. J. (March 2015). "What causes the large extensions of red supergiant atmospheres?. Comparisons of interferometric observations with 1D hydrostatic, 3D convection, and 1D pulsating model atmospheres". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 575: A50. arXiv:1501.01560. Bibcode:2015A&A...575A..50A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425212. ISSN 0004-6361.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar Humphreys, Roberta M.; Stangl, Sarah; Gordon, Michael S.; Davidson, Kris; Grammer, Skyler H. (January 2019). "Luminous and Variable Stars in NGC 2403 and M81". The Astronomical Journal. 157 (1): 22. arXiv:1811.06559. Bibcode:2019AJ....157...22H. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaf1ac. ISSN 0004-6256.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  11. ^ a b Bond, Howard E.; Jencson, Jacob E.; Whitelock, Patricia A.; Adams, Scott M.; Bally, John; Cody, Ann Marie; Gehrz, Robert D.; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Masci, Frank J. (April 2022). "Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Luminous Extragalactic Infrared Transients and Variables from the Spitzer Infrared Intensive Transients Survey". The Astrophysical Journal. 928 (2): 158. arXiv:2202.11040. Bibcode:2022ApJ...928..158B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac5832. ISSN 0004-637X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  12. ^ Jencson, Jacob E.; Sand, David J.; Andrews, Jennifer E.; Smith, Nathan; Pearson, Jeniveve; Strader, Jay; Valenti, Stefano; Beasor, Emma R.; Rothberg, Barry (May 2022). "An Exceptional Dimming Event for a Massive, Cool Supergiant in M51". The Astrophysical Journal. 930 (1): 81. arXiv:2110.11376. Bibcode:2022ApJ...930...81J. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac626c. ISSN 0004-637X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  13. ^ a b Solovyeva, Y.; Vinokurov, A.; Tikhonov, N.; Kostenkov, A.; Atapin, K.; Sarkisyan, A.; Moiseev, A.; Fabrika, S.; Oparin, D.; Valeev, A. (August 2022). "Search for LBVs in the Local Volume galaxies: study of two stars in NGC 1156". arXiv:2208.05858. Bibcode:2022arXiv220805858S. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ^ a b c d Solovyeva, Y.; Vinokurov, A.; Sarkisyan, A.; Kostenkov, A.; Atapin, K.; Fabrika, S.; Oparin, D.; Valeev, A.; Bizyaev, D.; Nedialkov, P.; Spiridonova, O. (November 2021). "Search for LBVs in the Local Volume galaxies: study of four stars in NGC 4449". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 507 (3): 4352–4366. arXiv:2208.05892. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.507.4352S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2036. ISSN 0035-8711.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  15. ^ Welch, Brian; Coe, Dan; Zackrisson, Erik; de Mink, S. E.; Ravindranath, Swara; Anderson, Jay; Brammer, Gabriel; Bradley, Larry; Yoon, Jinmi; Kelly, Patrick; Diego, Jose M.; Windhorst, Rogier; Zitrin, Adi; Dimauro, Paola; Jimenez-Teja, Yolanda (August 2022). "JWST Imaging of Earendel, the Extremely Magnified Star at Redshift z=6.2". arXiv:2208.09007. Bibcode:2022arXiv220809007W. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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