| Subdural hematoma | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Subdural haematoma, subdural haemorrhage |
 | |
| Subdural hematoma as marked by the arrow with significant midline shift | |
| Specialty | Neurosurgery |
| Symptoms | Headache, confusion, personality change, loss of consciousness[1] |
| Complications | Brain herniation, seizures[2] |
| Types | Acute, subacute, chronic[1] |
| Causes | Trauma, blood thinners, aneurysms, brain tumors, following lumbar puncture, spontaneous[3] |
| Risk factors | Alcoholism[1] |
| Diagnostic method | CT scan[4] |
| Differential diagnosis | Hydrocephalus ex vacuo, subdural abscess[2] |
| Treatment | Surgery, observation[1] |
A subdural hematoma (SDH) is when a collection of blood forms between the inner layer of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater of the meninges surrounding the brain.[2] Symptoms may include headache, confusion, personality change, and loss of consciousness.[1] Complications may include brain herniation and seizures.[2]
It usually results from a traumatic brain injury when a tear occurs in a bridging vein that cross the subdural space.[2] In children trauma may occur accidentally or intentionally.[2] No trauma related causes include blood thinners, aneurysms, brain tumors, following lumbar puncture, and spontaneous.[3] Alcoholism is a risk factor.[1] Diagnosis is generally by CT scan.[4]
Treatment may involve surgery especially if the bleed is sudden in onset and large in size.[3] Surgery typically involves a craniotomy or burr holes.[1] Small subdurals may be closely monitored.[1]
Acute subdurals affect between 5 and 25% of people with a severe head injury.[5] Chronic subdurals affected about 3 per 100,000 people per year.[6] They occur more commonly in the young and old.[2] Acute subdural hematomas may result in death in 50 to 90% of cases.[3] Subacute and chronic subdurals are associated with better outcomes.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Subdural haematoma". nhs.uk. 23 October 2017. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g Pierre, L; Kondamudi, NP (January 2020). "Subdural Hematoma". PMID 30422565.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Vega, RA; Valadka, AB (April 2017). "Natural History of Acute Subdural Hematoma". Neurosurgery clinics of North America. 28 (2): 247–255. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2016.11.007. PMID 28325459.
- ^ a b "Subdural haematoma - Diagnosis". nhs.uk. 23 October 2017. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ "Subdural Hematoma: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology". Emedicine. 10 June 2020. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ Yadav, YR; Parihar, V; Namdev, H; Bajaj, J (October 2016). "Chronic subdural hematoma". Asian journal of neurosurgery. 11 (4): 330–342. doi:10.4103/1793-5482.145102. PMID 27695533.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)