| Restrictive cardiomyopathy | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Obliterative cardiomyopathy, infiltrative cardiomyopathy, constrictive cardiomyopathy[1] |
 | |
| Micrograph of cardiac amyloidosis, a cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Congo red stain. | |
| Specialty | Cardiology |
| Symptoms | Decreased ability to exercise, palpitations, shortness of breath, leg swelling[2][3] |
| Complications | Liver failure, blood clots[2] |
| Causes | Amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, Loeffler endocarditis, storage diseases, diabetes, scleroderma, radiation therapy, certain medications, cancer[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Electrocardiogram (ECG), ultrasound of the heart, endomyocardial biopsy[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Constrictive pericarditis, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[2] |
| Treatment | Based on symptoms and the underlying cause[2] |
| Prognosis | Life expectancy 2 to 5 years[2] |
| Frequency | Rare[2] |
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a disease of heart muscle in which the ventricles do not appropriately relax and fill despite relatively normal contraction.[4][3] Symptoms may vary from a decreased ability to exercise, to new onset atrial fibrillation, to heart failure.[2] In some sudden cardiac arrest is the first indication of the disease.[2] Other complications may include liver failure and blood clots.[2]
The most common causes are amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, and Loeffler endocarditis.[2] Other causes include storage diseases, diabetes, scleroderma, radiation therapy, certain medications, and cancer.[2] Diagnosis may be supported by electrocardiogram (ECG), ultrasound of the heart, and endomyocardial biopsy.[2]
There is no cure.[2] Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and measures to improve heart failure.[2] Heart failure may be treated with diuretics such as furosemide, calcium channel blockers, or beta blockers.[2] For sarcoidosis, antiarrhythmics and immunosuppressants are also commonly used.[2] Hemochromatosis may be treated with removal of blood.[2] In certain cases a heart transplant may be an option.[2]
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is relatively rare.[2] It represents about 5% of cardiomyopathy cases with the hypertrophic and dilated types being more common.[2] Life expectancy follow diagnosis is generally 2 to 5 years.[2] Cases of RCM were described in the the 1930s.[5] Cardiomyopathy; however, was not divided into its three main groups until 1961.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b Hancock, EW (September 2001). "Differential diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericarditis". Heart. 86 (3): 343–9. doi:10.1136/heart.86.3.343 (inactive 2022-06-26). PMC 1729880. PMID 11514495.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2022 (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Brown, KN; Pendela, VS; Diaz, RR (January 2020). "Restrictive Cardiomyopathy". PMID 30725919.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b "Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders". Merck Manuals Consumer Version. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ Kouchoukos, Nicholas T.; Blackstone, Eugene H.; Hanley, Frank L.; Kirklin, James K. (2012). Kirklin/Barratt-Boyes Cardiac Surgery E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 803. ISBN 978-1-4557-4605-7.
- ^ Candell-Riera, J.; Ortega-Alcalde, D. (2012). Nuclear Cardiology in Everyday Practice. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-94-011-1984-9.