Clinical data | |
---|---|
Trade names | Adipex-p, Duromine, Metermine, Suprenza, others |
Other names | α-methyl-amphetamine α,α-dimethylphenethylamine |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682187 |
License data |
|
Pregnancy category |
|
Dependence liability | Limited[1] |
Addiction liability | Low[2] |
Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Appetite suppressant[3] |
Legal status | |
Legal status |
|
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | High (almost complete)[4] |
Protein binding | Approximately 96.3% |
Metabolism | Liver[4] |
Elimination half-life | 25 hours, urinary pH-dependent[4] |
Excretion | Urinary (62–85% unchanged)[4] |
Identifiers | |
| |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C10H15N |
Molar mass | 149.237 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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(verify) |
Phentermine (phenyl-tertiary-butylamine), sold under the brand name Ionamin among others, is a medication used together with diet and exercise to treat obesity.[3] It is taken by mouth for up to a few weeks.[3] After a few weeks the beneficial effects no longer occur.[3] It is also available as the combination phentermine/topiramate.[6]
Common side effects include a fast heart beat, high blood pressure, trouble sleeping, dizziness, and restlessness.[3] Serious side effects may include pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease, and abuse.[3] Use is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding.[7] Use is not recommended together with SSRIs or MAO inhibitors.[3] It works as an appetite suppressant likely as a result of being a CNS stimulant.[3] Chemically, phentermine is a substituted amphetamine.[8]
Phentermine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1959.[3] It is available as a generic medication.[3] The wholesale cost of a month supply in the United States is about US$2.55.[9] In 2017, it was the 210th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than two million prescriptions.[10][11] Phentermine was withdrawn from the market in the United Kingdom in 2000 while the combination medication fen-phen, of which it was a part, was withdrawn from the market in 1997 due to side effects.[12]
References edit
- ^ Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2017 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2016. p. 7. ISBN 9781284118971. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
- ^ Sadock, Benjamin J.; Sadock, Virginia A. (2010). Kaplan and Sadock's Pocket Handbook of Clinical Psychiatry. 435: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781605472645. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Phentermine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
- ^ a b c d "METERMINE (Phentermine)" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. iNova Pharmaceuticals (Australia) Pty Limited. 22 July 2013. Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
- ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- ^ "Phentermine and topiramate Uses, Side Effects & Warnings". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
- ^ "Phentermine Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
- ^ Hagel JM, Krizevski R, Marsolais F, Lewinsohn E, Facchini PJ (2012). "Biosynthesis of amphetamine analogs in plants". Trends Plant Sci. 17 (7): 404–412. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2012.03.004. PMID 22502775.
- ^ "NADAC as of 2019-02-27". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Phentermine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Bagchi, Debasis; Preuss, Harry G. (2012). Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Prevention, Second Edition. CRC Press. p. 314. ISBN 9781439854259. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2019.