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User:Mr. Ibrahem/Levocetirizine

< User:Mr. Ibrahem
Mr. Ibrahem/Levocetirizine
Ball-and-stick model of the levocetirizine molecule
Clinical data
Trade namesXyzal, Levazyr, others
Other namesLevocetirizine dihydrochloride
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa607056
License data
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classAntihistamine
Legal status
Legal status
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: OTC / Rx-only
Pharmacokinetic data
BioavailabilityHigh
Protein binding90%
MetabolismLiver 14% CYP3A4
Elimination half-life6 to 10 hours
ExcretionKidney and fecal
Identifiers
  • 2-(2-{4-[(R)-(4-Chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethoxy)acetic acid
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC21H25ClN2O3
Molar mass388.89 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Clc1ccc(cc1)[C@H](N2CCN(CCOCC(=O)O)CC2)c3ccccc3
  • InChI=1S/C21H25ClN2O3/c22-19-8-6-18(7-9-19)21(17-4-2-1-3-5-17)24-12-10-23(11-13-24)14-15-27-16-20(25)26/h1-9,21H,10-16H2,(H,25,26)/t21-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:ZKLPARSLTMPFCP-OAQYLSRUSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Levocetirizine, sold under the brand name Xyzal among others, is an antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and long term hives of unclear cause.[1] It is less sedating than older antihistamines.[3] It is taken by mouth.[1]

Common side effects include sleepiness, dry mouth, cough, vomiting, and diarrhea.[1] Use in pregnancy appears safe but has not been well studied and use when breastfeeding is of unclear safety.[4] It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine and works by blocking histamine H1-receptors.[5][1]

Levocetirizine was approved for medical use in the United States in 2007.[1] It is available as a generic medication.[3] A month supply in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about 4.50 £ as of 2019.[3] In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount is about US$3.[6] In 2017, it was the 175th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than three million prescriptions.[7][8]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference WHO2020DDD was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 280–281. ISBN 9780857113382.
  4. ^ "Levocetirizine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  5. ^ Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA, Lang DM, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Randolph CC, Schuller D, Spector SL, Tilles SA (August 2008). "The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 122 (2 Suppl): S1-84. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.003. PMID 18662584.
  6. ^ "NADAC as of 2019-02-27". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  7. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  8. ^ "Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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