| Impetigo | |
|---|---|
| Other names | School sores,[1] impetigo contagiosa |
 | |
| A case of impetigo on the chin | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
| Symptoms | Yellowish skin crusts, painful[2][3] |
| Complications | Cellulitis, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis[3] |
| Usual onset | Young children[3] |
| Duration | Less than 3 weeks[3] |
| Causes | Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes which spreads by direct contact[3] |
| Risk factors | Day care, crowding, poor nutrition, diabetes mellitus, contact sports, breaks in the skin[3][4] |
| Prevention | Hand washing, avoiding infected people, cleaning injuries[3] |
| Treatment | Based on symptoms[3] |
| Medication | Antibiotics (mupirocin, fusidic acid, cephalexin)[3][5] |
| Frequency | 140 million (2010)[6] |
Impetigo is a bacterial infection that involves the superficial skin.[7] The most common presentation is yellowish crusts on the face, arms, or legs.[2] Less commonly there may be large blisters which affect the groin or armpits.[2] The lesions may be painful or itchy.[3] Fever is uncommon.[3]
It is typically due to either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.[3] Risk factors include attending day care, crowding, poor nutrition, diabetes mellitus, contact sports, and breaks in the skin such as from mosquito bites, eczema, scabies, or herpes.[3][4] With contact it can spread around or between people.[3] Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and appearance.[3]
Prevention is by hand washing, avoiding people who are infected, and cleaning injuries.[3] Treatment is typically with antibiotic creams such as mupirocin or fusidic acid.[3][5] Antibiotics by mouth, such as cephalexin, may be used if large areas are affected.[3] Antibiotic-resistant forms have been found.[3]
Impetigo affected about 140 million people (2% of the world population) in 2010.[6] It can occur at any age, but is most common in young children.[3] In some places the condition is also known as "school sores".[1] Without treatment people typically get better within three weeks.[3] Recurring infections can occur due to colonization of the nose by the bacteria.[8][9] Complications may include cellulitis or poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.[3] The name is from the Latin impetere meaning "attack".[10]
References edit
- ^ a b "Impetigo - school sores". Better Health Channel. Archived from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
- ^ a b c Ibrahim, F; Khan, T; Pujalte, GG (December 2015). "Bacterial Skin Infections". Primary Care. 42 (4): 485–99. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.001. PMID 26612370.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Hartman-Adams, H; Banvard, C; Juckett, G (15 August 2014). "Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment". American Family Physician. 90 (4): 229–35. PMID 25250996.
- ^ a b Adams, BB (2002). "Dermatologic disorders of the athlete". Sports Medicine. 32 (5): 309–21. doi:10.2165/00007256-200232050-00003. PMID 11929358. S2CID 34948265.
- ^ a b Koning, S; van der Sande, R; Verhagen, AP; van Suijlekom-Smit, LW; Morris, AD; Butler, CC; Berger, M; van der Wouden, JC (18 January 2012). "Interventions for impetigo". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1: CD003261. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003261.pub3. PMC 7025440. PMID 22258953.
- ^ a b Vos, T (Dec 15, 2012). "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2163–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMC 6350784. PMID 23245607. Archived from the original on January 12, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
- ^ James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "14. Bacterial infections". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 252–254. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
- ^ "Impetigo symptoms and treatments". www.nhsinform.scot. Archived from the original on 2020-04-30. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
- ^ "Impetigo and Ecthyma - Skin Disorders". Merck Manuals Consumer Version. Archived from the original on 2020-05-27. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
- ^ Limited, Wordsworth Editions (1993). Concise English Dictionary. Wordsworth Editions. p. 452. ISBN 9781840224979. Archived from the original on 2016-10-03.