| Mr. Ibrahem/Hypovolemic shock | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Low volume shock |
| Video explanation of shock | |
| Specialty | Emergency medicine |
| Symptoms | Initially: Weakness, narrowed pulse pressure, fast heart rate[1][2] Worsens: low blood pressure, confusion, agitation[1] |
| Complications | Electrolyte abnormalities, multi-system organ failure[1] |
| Causes | Fluid loss, blood loss[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms and the history of events[1] |
| Treatment | Depends on the type of fluid lost[1] |
| Frequency | Relatively common[1][3] |
Hypovolemic shock is a type of circulatory shock due to insufficient blood or fluid inside blood vessels.[2] This is to a degree that there is insufficient blood flow to body tissues.[2] Initially symptoms generally include weakness, a narrowed pulse pressure and a fast heart rate.[1][2] As the condition worsens a low blood pressure, confusion, or agitation may occur.[1] Complications may include electrolyte abnormalities, kidney failure, and multi-system organ failure.[1]
Hypovolemic shock can occur due to fluid loss or blood loss, the later being known as hemorrhagic shock.[1] Fluid loss can occur due to vomiting, diarrhea, excessive urine production, hot weather, or pancreatitis.[1] Blood loss can occur due to trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, or ectopic pregnancy.[1] Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and the history of events.[1]
Treatment depends on the type of fluid lost.[1] For those who have lost blood, stopping the bleeding, blood products, tranexamic acid, and surgery are generally recommended.[4] For those who have lost other fluids, intravenous fluids in the form of crystalloid solution is generally used.[1] The underlying cause should also be addressed.[1] How frequently hypovolemic shock occurs is unclear.[1] It is the most common type of shock following injury and in children.[1][3]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Taghavi, S; Askari, R (January 2020). "Hypovolemic Shock". PMID 30020669.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers (8 ed.). Pearson Education Limited. 2018. pp. 172–173. ISBN 978-1292-17084-8.
- ^ a b Atluri, Pavan (2006). The Surgical Review: An Integrated Basic and Clinical Science Study Guide. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 265. ISBN 978-0-7817-5641-9. Archived from the original on 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2021-01-04.
- ^ Hooper, N; Armstrong, TJ (January 2020). "Hemorrhagic Shock". PMID 29262047.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)