| Goitre | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Goiter |
 | |
| Diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid | |
| Specialty | Endocrinology |
| Symptoms | Swelling of front of the neck[1] |
| Complications | Cough, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath[1] |
| Types | Diffuse, nodular, multinodular[2] |
| Causes | Iodine deficiency, Grave disease, toxic nodular goiter, thyroid cancer, autoimmune thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, silent thyroiditis, radiation thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, suppurative thyroiditis[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Examination, medical imaging[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Lymphadenopathy, pseudogoiter, branchial cleft cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, parathyroid adenoma[2] |
| Treatment | Watchful waiting, iodine supplements, radioactive iodine, surgery[3] |
| Frequency | 16% (2004)[4] |
Goitre is an enlarged of the thyroid gland.[2] This may result in swelling of the front of the neck.[1] In advanced cases a cough, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, or shortness of breath may occur.[1] It can occur with normal, low, or high thyroid function.[2]
The most common cause is iodine deficiency.[2] Other causes include Grave disease, toxic nodular goiter, thyroid cancer, autoimmune thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, silent thyroiditis, radiation thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, suppurative thyroiditis, sarcoidosis, and certain medications such as amiodarone.[2][5] It can be diagnosed by looking at the neck, feeling the neck, or medical imaging.[2]
Treatment depends on the underlying cause.[1] This may include watchful waiting, iodine supplements, radioactive iodine, or surgery.[3] Rates of goitre globally are about 16% as of 2004.[4] Females are affected four times more often than males.[2] It is more common in Africa and the Mediterranea region, and less common in the Americas.[4] The condition was first described around 2,700 BC in China.[6] The term is from the Latin guttur, meaning throat.[7]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e "Goitre - NHS Choices". NHS Choices. 2017-10-19.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Can, AS; Rehman, A (January 2020). "Goiter". PMID 32965832.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b "Goitre - Treatment". nhs.uk. 19 October 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ^ a b c Sharma, Manoj; Atri, Ashutosh. Essentials of International Health. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-7637-6529-3.
- ^ Ferri, Fred F. (2020). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2020 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1548. ISBN 978-0-323-67977-0.
- ^ Welbourn, Richard Burkewood; Friesen, Stanley R.; Johnston, Ivan D. A.; Sellwood, Ronald A. (1990). The History of Endocrine Surgery. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-275-92586-4.
- ^ Bland, Kirby I.; Sarr, Michael G.; Büchler, Markus W.; Csendes, Attila; Garden, Oliver James; Wong, John (2008). General Surgery: Principles and International Practice. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1632. ISBN 978-1-84628-832-6.