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User:Mr. Ibrahem/Esketamine

< User:Mr. Ibrahem
Mr. Ibrahem/Esketamine
Clinical data
Trade namesKetanest, Spravato, Vesierra, others
Other namesEsketamine hydrochloride; (S)-Ketamine; S(+)-Ketamine; JNJ-54135419
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa619017
License data
Dependence
liability		Low–moderate (physical); high (psychological)[1]
Routes of
administration		Intranasal[1]
Drug classNMDA receptor antagonist[1]
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • (S)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC13H16ClNO
Molar mass237.73 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CN[C@](C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1)(CCCC2)C2=O
  • InChI=1S/C13H16ClNO/c1-15-13(9-5-4-8-12(13)16)10-6-2-3-7-11(10)14/h2-3,6-7,15H,4-5,8-9H2,1H3/t13-/m0/s1 ☒N
  • Key:YQEZLKZALYSWHR-ZDUSSCGKSA-N ☒N
  (verify)

Esketamine, sold under the brand name Spravato among others, is a medication used for treatment-resistant depression or depression with acute thoughts of suicide.[1][4] It; however, appears to be less effective than ketamine.[6] It may also be used for anesthesia and pain.[7] It is used as a nasal spray or by intravenous injection.[1][7] In depression benefits generally occur within 24 hours.[1]

Common side effects include dissociation, dizziness, sedation, headache, anxiety, vomiting, and increased blood pressure.[1] Other side effects may include misuse.[4] The compound is the S(+) enantiomer of ketamine.[8] Use when breastfeeding is not recommended.[9] It primarily acts by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors.[1]

Esketamine came into medical use in Germany in 1997.[10][11] It was approved for medical use in the United States and Europe in 2019.[8][12] It is available as a generic medication.[13] In the United States the nasal spray costs about 5,500 to 7,900 USD for the first month of treatment as of 2021.[14][4] The intravenous formulation in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about £26 for 10 vials of 50 mg each.[7]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Esketamine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  2. ^ "Spravato 28 mg nasal spray, solution - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Vesierra 25 mg/ml solution for injection/infusion - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 21 February 2020. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d "Spravato- esketamine hydrochloride solution". DailyMed. 6 August 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  5. ^ "Spravato EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 16 October 2019. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  6. ^ Bahji, A; Vazquez, GH; Zarate CA, Jr (15 February 2021). "Erratum to "Comparative efficacy of racemic ketamine and esketamine for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis" [Journal of Affective Disorders 278C (2021) 542-555]". Journal of affective disorders. 281: 1001. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.103. PMID 33229028.
  7. ^ a b c BNF (80 ed.). BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. September 2020 – March 2021. p. 1411. ISBN 978-0-85711-369-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  8. ^ a b Commissioner, Office of the (24 March 2020). "FDA approves new nasal spray medication for treatment-resistant depression; available only at a certified doctor's office or clinic". FDA. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  9. ^ "Esketamine". Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) [Internet]. 2019. PMID 31038855.
  10. ^ Roche, Victoria; Zito, William S.; Lemke, Thomas; Williams, David A. (29 July 2019). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. PT1423. ISBN 978-1-4963-8587-1. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  11. ^ Himmelseher S, Pfenninger E (December 1998). "[The clinical use of S-(+)-ketamine--a determination of its place]". Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie. 33 (12): 764–70. doi:10.1055/s-2007-994851. PMID 9893910.
  12. ^ "Spravato". Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  13. ^ Ferrier, I. Nicol; Waite, Jonathan (4 July 2019). The ECT Handbook. Cambridge University Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-911623-16-8. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  14. ^ "Spravato Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
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