Endophthalmitis | |
---|---|
A hazy eye with a hypopyon | |
Specialty | Ophthalmology |
Symptoms | Vision loss, eye pain, red eye, hypopyon, corneal edema[1] |
Complications | Glaucoma, orbital cellulitis, loss of the eye[1] |
Types | Exogenous, endogenous[1] |
Causes | Bacteria (95%), fungi (5%)[1] |
Risk factors | Eye surgery, eye injury, eye injections[1] |
Diagnostic method | Eye examination, microbial culture of the eye[1] |
Differential diagnosis | Toxic anterior segment syndrome, uveitis, vitreous hemorrhage[1] |
Prevention | Povidone-iodine before eye surgery[2] |
Treatment | Antibiotics, vitrectomy, corticosteroids, atropine[1] |
Endophthalmitis is inflammation of the interior cavity of the eye, usually caused by infection.[1] Symptoms may include vision loss, eye pain, red eye, hypopyon, and corneal edema.[1] Complications may include glaucoma, orbital cellulitis, loss of the eye itself.[1]
It usually is due to a bacterial infection (95%), though may also occur due to fungi (5%).[1] Risk factors include eye surgery, eye injury, and eye injections.[1] Occasionally it may spread from other areas of the body.[1] Diagnosis is based on eye examination and microbial culture of the eye.[1]
Treatment involves antibiotics, such as vancomycin and ceftazidime or amikacin, which are typically given by injection into the eye.[1][2] Amphotericin B or voriconazole may be used for fungal infections.[2] Other measures may include vitrectomy, corticosteroids, and atropine eye drops.[1]
Endophthalmitis, unrelated to eye procedures, is uncommon.[2] Following open globe injury it occurs in up to 15 to 30% of cases.[2] In the United States it occurs in about 4 per 10,000 cataract surgeries and 1 per 20,000 eye injections.[1][2]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Simakurthy, S; Tripathy, K (January 2022). "Endophthalmitis". PMID 32644505.
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(help) - ^ a b c d e f Relhan, N; Forster, RK; Flynn HW, Jr (March 2018). "Endophthalmitis: Then and Now". American journal of ophthalmology. 187: xx–xxvii. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2017.11.021. PMID 29217351.