| Dissociative disorders | |
|---|---|
| Video explanation | |
| Specialty | Psychiatry |
| Symptoms | Disruption of memory, awareness, identity, or perception[1][2] |
| Types | Dissociative identity disorder Dissociative amnesia Depersonalization-derealization disorder Other specified dissociative disorder Unspecified dissociative disorder[1] |
| Risk factors | Psychological trauma[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Effects of medication, sleep disorders, PTSD, acute stress disorder, diseases of the nervous system[1][2] |
Dissociative disorders (DD) are a group of mental disorders that involve disruption or breakdown of memory, awareness, identity, or perception.[1][2] Symptoms may include lose of memory (amnesia), different personality states, or feelings of experiences being not real.[1] The symptoms are not under voluntary control and occur to a degree that functioning is disrupted.[1][2] These conditions often are associated with psychological trauma.[1]
The DSM-5 list the following types:[1]
- Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is characterized by the maintenance of at least two distinct and relatively enduring personality states.[1] It is accompanied by memory gaps beyond what would be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.[1][3] The personality states alternately show in a person's behavior, however presentations of the disorder vary.[1][3]
- Dissociative amnesia is the temporary inability to recall specific memories that one should generally be able to recall.[1] Often the memories relate to a stressful event and the inability to remember applies to only certain aspects of what occurred.[1]
- Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPDR) is recurrent episodes of feeling like one is observing themselves from outside (depersonalization) or like ones experiences are not real (derealization).[1]
- The prior category of dissociative disorder not otherwise specified was split into two: other specified dissociative disorder and unspecified dissociative disorder.[1] These categories are used for forms of dissociation that do not fully meet the criteria of the other specified disorders.[1]
Diagnosis involves ruling out other possible causes such as the effects of medication, sleep disorders, PTSD, acute stress disorder, and diseases of the nervous system.[1][2] The ICD-11 classifies conversion disorder as a dissociative disorder,[2] while the DSM-V classifies it as a somatic symptom and related disorder.[1] DID effects about 1.5% of people, dissociative amnesia about 1.8%, and DPDR about 2%.[1] While dissociative amnesia is more common in females, DID and DPDR occur equally frequently in both sexes.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5®) (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 291–307. ISBN 978-0-89042-557-2. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
- ^ a b c d e f "ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ a b Beidel, Deborah C.; Frueh, B. Christopher; Hersen, Michel (2014). Adult psychopathology and diagnosis (Seventh ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. pp. 414–422. ISBN 9781118657089. Archived from the original on 2021-05-16. Retrieved 2021-02-25.