Wikipedia

User:Mr. Ibrahem/Dilated cardiomyopathy

< User:Mr. Ibrahem
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Other namesCongestive cardiomyopathy,
idiopathic cardiomyopathy,
primary cardiomyopathy[1]
Mouse heart slice showing dilated cardiomyopathy
SpecialtyCardiology
SymptomsFeeling tired, leg swelling, shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting[2]
ComplicationsHeart failure, heart valve disease, irregular heartbeat[3][4]
Usual onsetMiddle age[5]
TypesTachycardia-induced,[6][7] others
CausesGenetics, alcohol, cocaine, certain toxins, complications of pregnancy, certain infections[8][9][7]
Diagnostic methodSupported by electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, echocardiogram[9]
Differential diagnosisCoronary artery disease, heart valve disease, pulmonary embolism, other cardiomyopathy[5]
TreatmentLifestyle changes, medications, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, heart transplant[9]
MedicationACE inhibitor, beta blocker, diuretic, blood thinners[9]
PrognosisFive-year survival rate ~50%[9]
Frequency1 in 2,500[9]

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition in which the heart becomes enlarged and cannot pump blood effectively.[3] Symptoms vary from none to feeling tired, leg swelling, and shortness of breath.[2] It may also result in chest pain or fainting.[2] Complications can include heart failure, heart valve disease, or an irregular heartbeat.[3][4]

Causes include genetics, alcohol, cocaine, certain toxins, complications of pregnancy, and certain infections.[8][9] Coronary artery disease and high blood pressure may play a role, but are not the primary cause.[5][8] In many cases the cause remains unclear.[8] It is a type of cardiomyopathy, a group of diseases that primarily affects the heart muscle.[3] The diagnosis may be supported by an electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, or echocardiogram.[9]

In those with heart failure, treatment may include medications in the ACE inhibitor, beta blocker, and diuretic families.[9] A low salt diet may also be helpful.[5] In those with certain types of irregular heartbeat, blood thinners or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator may be recommended.[9] If other measures are not effective a heart transplant may be an option in some.[9]

About 1 per 2,500 people are affected.[9] It occurs more frequently in men than women.[10] Onset is most often in middle age.[5] Five-year survival rate is about 50%.[9] It can also occur in children and is the most common type of cardiomyopathy in this age group.[9]

References edit

  1. ^ "Other Names for Cardiomyopathy". NHLBI. June 22, 2016. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  2. ^ a b c "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Cardiomyopathy?". NHLBI. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d "What Is Cardiomyopathy?". NHLBI. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Types of Cardiomyopathy". NHLBI. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d e Ferri, Fred F. (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 244. ISBN 9780323529570. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  6. ^ "Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy". European Society of Cardiology. 2019-03-29. Archived from the original on 2019-03-29. Retrieved 2019-03-29. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy is a reversible cause of heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy should be considered in all patients with a dilated cardiomyopathy of uncertain origin and who have tachycardia or atrial fibrillation with a fast ventricular rate.
  7. ^ a b Umana, Ernesto; Solares, C. Arturo; Alpert, Martin A (2003-01-01). "Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy". The American Journal of Medicine. 114 (1): 51–55. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01472-9. PMID 12543289.
  8. ^ a b c d "What Causes Cardiomyopathy?". NHLBI. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Weintraub, RG; Semsarian, C; Macdonald, P (22 July 2017). "Dilated cardiomyopathy". Lancet. 390 (10092): 400–414. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31713-5. PMID 28190577. S2CID 46801202.
  10. ^ "Who Is at Risk for Cardiomyopathy? - NHLBI, NIH". NHLBI. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
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