| Body-focused repetitive behavior | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Body-focused repetitive behavior disorder (BFRBD) |
 | |
| Knuckle biting resulting in disfiguration of the skin over the joints of the middle and little fingers | |
| Specialty | Psychiatry |
| Symptoms | Nail biting, lip biting, cheek chewing[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Hair pulling disorder, skin picking disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, self-harm, normal habits[1][2] |
| Treatment | Counselling, medications[3] |
| Medication | SSRIs, N-acetylcysteine[3] |
Body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) is a group of psychiatric disorders were people repeatedly harm part of their body by either pulling or picking at it.[4] Specific behaviors may include nail biting, lip biting, or cheek chewing.[1] People are unable to stop these behaviors despite trying to do so.[3] Complications may include nail damage.[3]
It is within the category of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.[1] In the DSM-5, body-focused repetitive behavior disorder (BFRBD) is only diagnosed if the symptoms are not better explained by hair pulling disorder or skin picking disorder.[1] Other sources; however, include those two disorders as types of BFRBD.[4] Diagnosis requires the behavior to occur to such a degree that functioning is impaired or distress occurs.[3][2] Additionally the behavior must be unrelated to efforts to change ones appearance.[3]
Treatment may include counselling, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, and medications, such as SSRIs or N-acetylcysteine.[3] Cognitive behavioral therapy may involve increasing awareness around when the behavior occurs, efforts to avoid triggers, and attempts to replace the specific behavior with something else like knitting.[3] While these behaviors have been described throughout history, it was in the late 1800s that they were named as health problem.[5] Hair pulling disorder was first included in the DSM in 1987 while skin picking disorder was officially included in 2013.[5]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 263-264. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.156852. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ a b Geddes, John R.; Andreasen, Nancy C. (2020). New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press. p. 988. ISBN 978-0-19-871300-5. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Disorder - Psychiatric Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ a b Sampaio, DG; Grant, JE (2018). "Body-focused repetitive behaviors and the dermatology patient". Clinics in dermatology. 36 (6): 723–727. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.08.004. PMID 30446195.
- ^ a b Fontenelle, Leonardo F.; Yücel, Murat. A Transdiagnostic Approach to Obsessions, Compulsions and Related Phenomena. Cambridge University Press. p. 367. ISBN 978-1-107-19577-6. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-02-18.