Michele Caltagirone | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 2 September 1854 Casteltermini, Sicily, Italy |
| Died | January 1, 1928 (aged 73) Casteltermini, Sicily, Italy |
Michele Caltagirone also known as il Quarantino[1] was a Sicilian sculptor who spent most of his life in Casteltermini, Sicily, Italy. He is known for producing ecclesiastical works for various churches throughout Sicily using stone, wood, and clay.[2]
Early Life
editCaltagirone was born on 2 September 1854 to Girolamo Caltagirone and Maria Angela Lo Bue in Casteltermini, a commune in the province of Agrigento, Sicily, southern Italy. Although Sicilian feudalism was formally abolished during the Napoleonic Wars, much of the peasant class was excluded from rising in social status.[3] Consequently, Caltagirone was expected to become a shoemaker, the profession of his father. As a young apprentice, he spent time away from his father's workshop to model and shape clay.
Career
editBy the time Caltagirone was 25 years old, he had quit his occupation as a shoemaker to become a full time sculptor. He studied in Palermo for about two years to study the techniques of sculpting wood before returning to Casteltermini to open a workshop. He was commissioned by monasteries, congregations, parish priests, and private citizens to create works that primarily focused on sacred images.[4]
Michele Caltagirone remained an isolated person for most of his life. Having never married or had children, he died on 1 January 1928 in Casteltermini after becoming ill several months prior.[5][6]
Works
edit
In Sicily and the United States:[7]
- Wooden crucifix, Chiesa Madre Santa Maria della Luce, Acquaviva Platani, Italy, 1890.[8]
- Wooden statue, Chiesa Madonna delle Grazie, Acquaviva Platani, Italy.
- Wooden statue of Francis of Assisi, Chiesa Anime Sante, Belmonte Mezzagno, Italy, c. 1924.
- Wooden statue of Francis of Assisi, Chiesa del Convento dei Cappuccini, Bivona, Italy, 1911.
- Colored terracotta (c. 30 cm) of Francis of Assisi, Bernard of Quintavalle, and Brother Leo, Chiesa del Convento dei Cappuccini, Bivona, Italy, c. 1910.
- Nativity scene (c. 30 cm) in colored terracotta, Chiesa del Convento dei Cappuccini, Bivona, Italy. Few figurines remain.
- wooden statues of Paschal Baylón and Anthony of Padua with colored terracotta, Chiesa del Convento dei Cappuccini, Caccamo, Italy, c. 1921.
- The stigmata of Francis of Assisi with Brother Leo in colored terracotta (c. 30 cm), c. 1920. Commissioned by the Chiesa del Convento dei Cappuccini, Caccamo, Italy, but was later removed to a another church.
- The stigmata of Francis of Assisi with Brother Leo and Bernard of Quintavalle in colored terracotta (c. 30 cm), Chiesa del Convento dei Cappuccini, Caccamo, Italy, c. 1920. A copy was produced for P. Venanzio, Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor.
- Wooden crucifix (c. 140 cm), commissioned for municipal cemetery in Caccamo, Italy, c. 1921.
- Wooden statue of Francis of Assisi, Caltanissetta Cathedral, Caltanissetta, Italy, c. 1926.
- Redentore, Chiesa di Maria SS. dell’Itria, Campofranco, Italy, c. 1900.
- Schola Cantorum in colored terracotta (c. 20 cm), Convento dei Cappuccini, Monreale, Italy.
- Wooden statue of Francis of Assisi (c. 140 cm), Convento dei Cappuccini, Palermo, Italy.
- Francis of Assisi comforted by an angel in colored terracotta (c. 30 cm), Convento dei Cappuccini, Palermo, Italy.
- Wooden statue of Benedict of Nursia (c. 160 cm), Convento dei Benedettini, San Martino delle Scale, Italy, c. 1925.
- Ecce Homo, Chiesa del Convento dei Cappuccini, Sciacca, Italy, c. 1914. Formerly located at the Chiesa dei Cappuccini in Palermo.
- Wooden statue of Calogerus the Anchorite, Saint James Church, Trenton, New Jersey, United States of America, c. 1923.
- Wooden and Papier-mâché statue of Jesus, La Chiesa Madre, Casteltermini, Italy.
In Casteltermini:
- Nazareno, Chiesa Madre, 1893.
- wooden statue of John the Evangelist, Chiesa Madre, c. 1894.
- Sacra Familia, Chiesa Madre, c. 1919.
- wooden statue of Madonna, Chiesa Madre, c. 1908.
- wooden statue of Anthony of Padua, Chiesa Madre, c. 1910.
- Wooden statue of Saint Rosalia, Chiesa Madre, 1911.
- The Cenacle in colored terracotta (c. 30 cm), Chiesa Madre, c. 1906.
- Nativity scene in colored terracotta (c. 30 cm), Chiesa Madre. Few figurines remain intact.
- Francis of Assisi comforted by an angel in colored terracotta (c. 30 cm), Chiesa Madre. Has been relocated to a school in Casteltermini.
- Paul of Thebes in colored terracotta (c. 30 cm), Chiesa Madre. Has been relocated to a school in Casteltermini.
- Wooden statue of Francis of Assisi, Chiesa di San Francesco d'Assisi, c. 1890.
- Wooden statue of Madonna, Chiesa di San Francesco d'Assisi, c. 1898.
- Wooden statue of Saint John with child, Chiesa di San Francesco d'Assisi, c. 1896.
- Ecce Homo (c. 120 cm), Chiesa di San Francesco d'Assisi, c. 1901.
- La Maddalena, Chiesa di Gesù e Maria, c. 1910.
- Wooden crucifix (c. 140 cm), Chiesa del Carmine.
- Cristo Deposto, Chiesa di Santa Croce, c. 1906.
- Moses in stucco, Chiesa Madonna delle Grazie.
- Isaiah in stucco, Chiesa Madonna delle Grazie.
- Francis of Assisi among angels and friars in colored terracotta (c. 30 cm), Chiesa Madonna delle Grazie.[9]
- Adoration of the Magi in colored terracotta (c. 30 cm), Chiesa Madonna delle Grazie. Some statues are missing.
- Wooden crucifix, c. 1922. Commissioned by the Chiesa di Malvello, but is currently located elsewhere.
- Wooden statue of John the Evangelist. Commissioned by the Chiesa di Malvello, but is currently located elsewhere.
Achievement history
edit| Date | Quantum volume[a] | Manufacturer | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020, January | = 32 | IBM | "Raleigh" (28 qubits)[10] |
| 2020, June | = 64 | Honeywell | 6 qubits[11] |
| 2020, August | = 64 | IBM | Falcon r4 "Montreal" (27 qubits)[12] |
| 2020, November | = 128 | Honeywell | "System Model H1" (10 qubits)[13] |
| 2020, December | = 128 | IBM | Falcon r4 "Montreal" (27 qubits)[14] |
| 2021, March | = 512 | Honeywell | "System Model H1" (10 qubits)[15] |
| 2021, July | = 1024 | Honeywell | "Honeywell System H1" (10 qubits) [16] |
| 2021, December | = 2048 | Quantinuum (previously Honeywell) | "Quantinuum System Model H1-2" (12 qubits) [17] |
| 2022, April | = 4096 | Quantinuum (previously Honeywell) | "Quantinuum System Model H1-2" (12 qubits) [18] |
| 2022, September | = 8192 | Quantinuum (previously Honeywell) | "Quantinuum System Model H1-1" (20 qubits)[19] |
| 2023, February | = 32,768 | Quantinuum (previously Honeywell) | "Quantinuum System Model H1-1" (20 qubits) [20] |
| 2023, May | = 65,536 | Quantinuum (previously Honeywell) | "Quantinuum System Model H2" (32 qubits) [21] |
References
edit- ^ Gulli, Domenica. Casteltermini Dal Territorio al Museo. Kalòs, n. 3, July/September 2010, pp. 40-43.
- ^ Calderone, Roberto. Michele Caltagirone (Quarantino) : una vita per l'arte. 1970.
- ^ Sardell, Jason. Economic Origins of the Mafia and Patronage System in Sicily. 2009. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, undergraduate dissertation.
- ^ Calderone 42-43.
- ^ Calderone, 25-26.
- ^ "Storia Del Comune." Comune Di Casteltermini, 2022.
- ^ Calderone, 41-46.
- ^ Italy. Comune di Acquaviva Platani, Caltanissetta, Sicilia. Piano d'Azione per l'Energia Sostenibile. Patto dei Sindaci, January 2015.
- ^ Le Chiese, Comune di Casteltermini. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
- ^ "IBM Doubles Its Quantum Computing Power Again". Forbes. 2020-01-08.
- ^ Samuel K. Moore (2020-06-24). "Honeywell Claims It Has Most Powerful Quantum Computer". IEEE Spectrum.
- ^ Condon, Stephanie (August 20, 2020). "IBM hits new quantum computing milestone". ZDNet. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Samuel K. Moore (2020-11-10). "Rapid Scale-Up of Commercial Ion-Trap Quantum Computers". IEEE Spectrum.
- ^ Gambetta, Jay [@jaygambetta] (2020-12-03). "On the same system (IBM Q System One - Montreal) that we hit a quantum volume of 64 the team recently achieved a quantum volume of 128. This year's progress in the quality of quantum circuits has been amazing. https://t.co/pBYmLkmSoS" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 2022-10-21. Retrieved 2022-12-04 – via Twitter.
- ^ Leprince-Ringuet, Daphne. "Quantum computing: Honeywell just quadrupled the power of its computer". ZDNet. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- ^ "Honeywell and Cambridge Quantum Reach New Milestones". www.honeywell.com. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
- ^ "Demonstrating Benefits of Quantum Upgradable Design Strategy: System Model H1-2 First to Prove 2,048 Quantum Volume". www.quantinuum.com. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
- ^ "Quantinuum Announces Quantum Volume 4096 Achievement". www.quantinuum.com. Retrieved 2022-04-14.
- ^ Smith-Goodson, Paul (2022-10-06). "Quantinuum Is On A Roll – 17 Significant Quantum Computing Achievements In 12 Months". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-02-24.
- ^ Morrison, Ryan (2023-02-23). "Quantinuum hits quantum performance milestone". techmonitor.ai. Retrieved 2023-02-24.
- ^ Moses, S.A. (2023-05-09). "A Race Track Trapped-Ion Quantum Processor". arXiv.org. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
External links
editPhotos of his sculptures through the Italian Catholic Church.
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