Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
editPennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, was a legal case in 1971 where the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was sued by the Pennsylvania Association for Restarted Children (PARC) over a law that gave public schools the authority to prevent free education to children who had reached the age of 8, yet had not reached the mental age of 5.[1] The law had also been used by the state in multiple occasions to deny free public education to children who had a hard time integrating into classroom environments and schools. This was the first major legal case to provide equality to students with disabillites. The case was given and settled by the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and lasted between 1971-1972.[2] The case was over seen by three judges, Circuit Judge Adams, and two District Judges, Masterson and Broderick. The language used during this case is outdated to modern times; therefor the use of the word "mentally retarted" refers to any intellectual disability.[3]
The Argument
editThe argument of the case was that all children, whether having mental retardation or not, could benefit from any type of free training or education. It was also argued that not having free educational resources will negatively effect the way a child develops. Although the children with mental retardation would benefit differently than other children, they would be able to develop levels of self-care. Furthermore the more education they received, the more they could continue to benefit. Pennsylvania's education laws at that time allowed the students rights of due process to be turned town along with a free public education. This was argued by the plaintiffs to be both unlawful and unjust.[2]
The Plaintiffs
editThe plaintiffs in the case are the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children and the families of retarded children who were denied education.
The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) is a non-profit organization created in 1949 with goals of advancing the interest of the mentally retarded citizens citizens of Pennsylvania, along with ensuring that the mental retarded get their share and equal resources that is given to all citizens of the state. During the time of the case he PARC had member chapters in 53 out of the 67 counties in Pennsylvania. The PARC chapters run education programs for mental retarded children and had been doing so for up to 20 years before the case.[4]
The families that sued along with the PARC all had children that were of school age (6-21), were deemed mental retarded, and denied free public education from the state of Pennsylvania due to the retardation. All of the families claimed that their child would benefit from any type of free education they has so been wrongfully denied. Each family had also elected their child to be entered into public schools. Thirteen families sued all together.[5]
The Defendants
edit1) The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania - overall responsible for the education of Pennsylvania's children[4]
2) David H. Kurtzman - Pennsylvania's Secretary of Education
3) The State Board of Education
4) Joseph Adlestine - Acting Secretary of Public Welfare of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
5) the following school districts of Pennsylvania:
- Philadelphia School District
- Allegheny County School District
- West Homestead School District
- Berks County School District
- Governor Mifflin School District
- Shaler Township School District
- Wilson School District
- Marple - Newtown School District
- Pittsburgh School District
- Reading School District
- Susquehanna County School District
- Mountain - View School District
Ruling
editEarly in 1972 the two sides settled after the evidence that was provided had been evaluated. A consent decree was given by the U.S. District Court Judge Masterson that ruled the existing law restricting kids ages six to twenty-one years of age was unconstitutional. It was also stated that Pennsylvania was responsible for providing free public education to all children; that meant that no child, regardles of their disability, could be turned down by the Commonwealth to the access of free public trainings and educational programs. The quality of the education and training given to the children with disabilities had to match that of the education and training given to general students.[1]
After the case
editPennsylvania was not the only state at the time with legislation that restudied education to students with disabilities. Other states enforced similar laws, however Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, was the first time education restricting legislation was contested and defeated. Although the case only stayed at the district level, other cases involving children with disabilities and their fight for educational equality rose. Mills vs. Board of Education of District of Columbia was another such case that took place later in 1972, and this case received enough attention to go to the Supreme Court.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c "PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and Mills v. Board of Education, DC". Rooted in Rights. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
- ^ a b "Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania | Public Interest Law Center". www.pilcop.org. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
- ^ Wright, Pamela Darr. (2007). Special Education Law. Hartfield, VA: Harbor House Law Press.
- ^ a b "Complaint". The United States District Court for the Ester District of Pennsylvania. 10/22/1971. Retrieved 11/29/16.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|date=(help) - ^ "The PENNSYLVANIA ASSOCIATION FOR RETARDED CHILDREN et al., Plaintiffs, v. COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA et al., Defendants". pilcop.org. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA. 5/5/1972.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)