Early Life
editRobert was born in 1808 to George Peter Holford and Anne Holford who was the daughter of Reverend Averell Daniell of Lifford, County Donegal, Ireland.[1]. He was the only male born to this couple but he had three sisters. Anne Jane was his eldest sister and she married in 1832 Robert Blagden Hale of Alderley House who was a Member of Parliament. His next elderst sister was Georgina who married later in life in 1856, Peter Robert Burrell of Stoke Park, Suffolk. His other sister was Emily Elizabeth who married in 1836 Sir George J. Palmer, Bart. of Wanlip, County Leicester.[2].
George Peter Holford was a lawyer and a Member of Parliament. He also wrote books which usually related to religion and Christianity [3]. He inherited a mansion at Westonbirt from his father. This house was the original manor which had been erected in the reign of Elizabeth or the early part of the time of James I.[4]This house was demolished by George in 1818 and a new house built in 1823.[5]
In 1829 at the age of 21, Robert graduated from Oriel College at Oxford University with a Bachelor of Arts Degree.[6] In the same year the Arboretum on the Westonbirt Estate commenced and Robert played a significant role in this project. In 1938 he inherited his uncle's fortune of over one million pounds. In the following year his father died and he became the owner of Westonbirt House. He was a keen lover of art and literature and his enormous wealth now allowed him to indulge this interest. He began collecting paintings and books for what was to become the famous "Holdford Collection". To accommodate this collection he built Dorchester House in Park Lane, London between 1851 and 1853 and employed Lewis Vulliamy as the architect.[7]
During this time he became a Magistrate for Gloucester and Wilts and in 1843 was the High Sheriff for Wilts. In December 1854 he was first elected as the Member for Gloucestershire East.[8]
Marriage and Family
editIn August 1854 Robert at the age of 46 married Mary Anne Lindsay who was the 25 year old daughter of Lieutenant-General James Lindsay.[9] A detailed description of the wedding was given in a periodical some of which is as follows.
- "The marriage of Mr. Robert Stayner Holford of Westonbirt with Miss Mary Lindsay, the beautiful daughter of Major-General James Lindsay of Balcarres, N. H. was solemnised by special license on Saturday last at St George Church Hanover-square.
- The bride and bridegroom having taken their appointed position, the bride attended by her train of bridesmaids and the bridegroom by Mr Hale the ceremony commenced... Early in the afternoon Mr and Mrs Holford left town in a travelling carriage-and-four for Selsden near Croydon where they will pass the honeymoon". [10]
Dorchester House at this time had only just been completed and soon after the wedding Robert gave a fancy-dress ball to celebrate his marriage and the opening of the house. The guests were asked to dress in costumes to represent famous Italian portraits.[11]
Over the next five years the Holfords had three daughters - Margaret, Evelyn and Alice. It was not until 1860 that George Holford was born who was to become heir to the family fortune.
Robert continued his work as a Member of Parliament until 1872 when he retired[12]. He continued to collect plants for the garden at Westonbirt House and also for the Arboretum. George also developed an interest in gardens and plants and assisted his father with this work.
After Retirement
editAfter Robert's retirement, the couple spent time at both Westonbirt and Dorchester House. In 1875 Charles Gayard, a French diplomat visited Westonbirt and gave an account of his experience as follows.
- "Then I saw the little town of Tetbury with its pointed roofs and windows in the style of the Renaissance. After an hour and a half I arrived at the park, and then at the house. It seemed like a palace to me. They live in one corner of it only.
- The young ladies came down in long flounced dresses. After dinner Evy played some Gounod for me and the sonata which they call here "Moonlight." Then the mother sang from her Italian repertoire, - she manages her contralto with much art. It was exquisite. Mr Holford talked with me first about his pack of hounds, forty spaniels; then of "poor rates" and "school boards". I am now here in my room. The wind whistles around the house. I am going to sleep in a bed big enough for fifteen, and in a room of like dimensions."
- This morning I have lost no time. Sometimes Mrs Holford, sometimes Evy, took me about the house, which surpasses in magnificence any that you know. There is a hall, a sort of conservatory three stories high, something like the great apartments of Louis XIV. The most original room in the house is the one painted by Mrs Holford, in a bizarre fanciful style, something between Delacroix landscape and Rouen pottery.
- After luncheon my friends took me on a pony chaise, across the beauties of the park to the keeper's lodge. I saw conservatories without end, then a lake, a bit of a wild, heaps of rocks that it seems have been newly brought there. And the lake too is a thing of yesterday. The pheasants were so thick we fairly trod on them. At last we reached the Head-keepers's lodge, and saw a pack of thirty spaniels with legs short enough to make the rabbits dance for joy.
The garden at Westonbirt House and the Arboretum continued to expand and in 1886 an extensive article was written about it in a noteable publication called "The Garden". It said that "Mr Holford's aim has been to create variety without confusion, informality and picturesqueness without losing sight of that polish in the vicinity of the mansion which must always be regarded as in accordance with correct taste."[13]
In February 1892 Robert died at Dorchester House.[14]
Endnotes
edit- ^ Lee, Rev. Alfred (1857) 'The history of the town and parish of Tetbury', John Henry and James Parker, London, pp. 219-20.
- ^ Lee, Rev. Alfred, 1857
- ^ Obituary of G. P. Holford, The Gentleman's Magazine, July-Dec, 1839. London
- ^ 'Jones views of the seats of noblemen and Gentlemen of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland', Jones and Company, 1829, London.
- ^ Register of Parks andGardens of Special Historic Interest, (1999) 'Westonbirt, Gloucestershire, Cotswold' Ref No 1426.
- ^ Dod, Robert (1857) 'The Parliamentary Companion for 1857', Whittaker and Company, London, p. 208.
- ^ Cancellor, E. B. (1908) 'The private Palaces of London: Past and Present', Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., London, p. 250.
- ^ Dod, Robert (1857), p. 208.
- ^ Marquis of Ruvigny and Raineval,(1994) The plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal: The Clarence Volume, Genealogical Publishing Company, p. 248.
- ^ Court and Fashion: The Lady's newspaper, 12 August 1854, p. 86.
- ^ Wake, J. (1997) 'Kleinwort Benson: The History of Two Families in Banking', Oxford University Press., p. 179.
- ^ The Bristol Mercury and Daily Post, 27 Feb. 1892.
- ^ Goldring, W., 'Westonbirt', The Garden: and Illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches", 20 Feb. 1886, p. 157.
- ^ The Bristol Mercury and Daily Post, 27 Feb. 1892.