User:Maddieshoemaker23/Concussions in high school sports/Bibliography

You will be compiling your bibliography and creating an outline of the changes you will make in this sandbox.

Bibliography

As you gather the sources for your Wikipedia contribution, think about the following:

Is the source from a reliable publication?
- Reliable publications include established newspapers, academic journals and books, textbooks, and other published sources with reputations for accuracy and fact-checking.
- Unreliable sources include blog posts and other self-published works, press releases, and social media posts.
Is the source verifiable?
- In order for a source to be considered verifiable, other editors should be able to consult the source.
Is the source independent of the subject?
- Is the source connected in any way to the subject? This is especially important when writing biographies or about organizations.
- For example, if you were writing a biography, sources like the person's webpage or personal blog would not be considered independent.
Is the source primary or secondary?
- Primary sources include first-hand accounts, autobiographies, and other original content.
- Wikipedia allows limited use of primary sources, but typically only for straightforward, descriptive statements of facts, and only if they are published and verifiable without requiring specialized knowledge.
- Secondary sources should be the main basis for a biography on Wikipedia.
If you're working on a topic related to medicine or psychology, ensure that your sources follow these special guidelines.
If you're creating a new article, consider the following:
- Ensure that your topic meets Wikipedia's notability guidelines.
- In order for a topic to meet the notability requirement, you must be able to identify 2-3 sources that are reliable, verifiable, and independent of the subject you're writing about.
- Finding sufficient sources to establish notability can be especially hard when writing about people or organizations.
- Sources that are not independent of the subject might be useful additions, but don't count towards the notability requirement.
- Wikipedia has developed special guidelines for writing about living persons. Please follow these carefully.
- Wikipedia has a series of guidelines for writing about different categories of people, such as academics and artists. If you're trying to create a new entry about a living person, please look at these carefully.

If you're not sure whether a source is reliable, ask a librarian! If you have questions about Wikipedia's sourcing rules, you can use the Get Help button below to contact your Wikipedia Expert.

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Bibliography

Edit this section to compile the bibliography for your Wikipedia assignment. Add the name and/or notes about what each source covers, then use the "Cite" button to generate the citation for that source.

Hon, K. L. (2019, July). Concussion: A global perspective - sciencedirect. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1071909119300257

This article provides a review of the global perspectives on the epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis of concussion in children (under 18, including high schoolers). The review incorporates a wide range of literature obtained through a PubMed search, which focused on meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and reviews. The article highlights the challenges in estimating the prevalence of concussion due to under-reporting and varying definitions of the actual condition. Common causes of concussions – such as sports injuries*, motor vehicle collisions, bicycle accidents, falls, and assaults – are discussed. This emphasizes the need for clinical diagnosis rather than routine neuroimaging. Treatment strategies, including physical and cognitive rest followed by a gradual return to activities, are outlined, along with recommendations for preventive measures such as age limits on certain contact sports. The review concludes by emphasizing the favorable overall outcomes of concussions in children but highlights the lack of global perspectives on management and prognosis. It also underscores the importance of research in other countries, particularly low and middle-income countries, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of mild traumatic brain injuries in pediatric populations. In total, this article relates back to my research topic in that it addresses the absence of concussions globally on the wikipedia site.

*would be highly focused on this portion of the article

Kerr, Z. Y. (2019, November). Concussion Incidence and Trends in 20 High School Sports . Publications.aap.org. https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/144/5/e20192180/38225/Concussion-Incidence-and-Trends-in-20-High-School

This article presents a very comprehensive analysis of the concussion rates in 20 different high school sports over a five-year period (2013-2018). The study utilizes data from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study, with information collected from high school athletic trainers. The key findings include an overall concussion rate of 4.17 per 10,000 athlete exposures, with football having the highest rate. Interestingly, while football competition-related concussion rates increased over the study period, practice-related concussion rates decreased. Recurrent concussions decreased across all sports, and there were notable differences in concussion rate between genders. Girls experienced high rates in comparison to boys in sex-comparable sports. The study underscores the importance of ongoing monitoring of concussion rates and suggests potential associations between changes in concussion rates and factors; such as, incidence, diagnosis, and management. In total, the article contributes valuable, informational insights into high school sports-related concussions and proves to be a significant source that relates to my overall research subject.

Yeates, K.O. (2021). Predicting Postconcussive Symptoms After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents: 2020 Update. In: Slobounov, S.M., Sebastianelli, W.J. (eds) Concussions in Athletics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75564-5_15

This book chapter highlights the extreme importance of understanding and predicting the persistent postconcussive symptoms (PCS) following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children under 18. It emphasizes that while the majority of TBIs in children are mild, a significant portion experience persistent PCS, impacting their psychosocial function and overall quality of life. The chapter provides an overview of existing literature on predicting PCS in children and adolescents, considering both injury-related and non-injury related factors as prognostic indicators. It also discusses the conceptual and methodological challenges in research pertaining to outcomes of mild TBI and describes recent advancements in evidence-based decision rules for identifying children at high risk for poor outcomes. This proves to be a significant source for my research topic, as it provides additional insight to certain disorders that can come with a concussion. This information may be helpful to include on the wikipedia site.

Examples:

Luke, Learie. 2007. Identity and secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889–1980 Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press.
- This is a book published by a university press, so it should be a reliable source. It also covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (2013-11-08). "Sabinaria , a new genus of palms (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) from the Colombia-Panama border". Phytotaxa.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source. It covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source for a specific fact. Since it only dedicates a few sentences to the topic, it can't be used to establish notability.

References

Outline of proposed changes

Hon, K.L. Source: Addition to the prevention section of the article - There are recommendations to add an age limit on high contact sports, in order to prevent traumatic brain injuries from happening at young ages -- especially before the brain has matured to a certain degree.
Kerr, Z.Y. Source: Addition of a section with diagrams; showing certain trends and associations. This source highlights the importance of taking notice of the trends of concussions -- especially in sex-comparable sports, recurrent concussion rates, and more. I think adding a section that showed these trends would be very insightful, as it would also appeal more to the human eye.
Yeates, K.O. Source: Addition to the effects/symptoms portion of the article - This source does a great job discussing the importance of understanding post-concussive symptoms. I think that the Effects section of this article could benefit significantly from an abundance of information given in this source about PCS. Specifically how it affects their psychosocial functions and quality of life.

Now that you have compiled a bibliography, it's time to plan out how you'll improve your assigned article.

In this section, write up a concise outline of how the sources you've identified will add relevant information to your chosen article. Be sure to discuss what content gap your additions tackle and how these additions will improve the article's quality.

Consider other changes you'll make to the article, including possible deletions of irrelevant, outdated, or incorrect information, restructuring of the article to improve its readability or any other change you plan on making. This is your chance to really think about how your proposed additions will improve your chosen article and to vet your sources even further.

Note: This is not a draft. This is an outline/plan where you can think about how the sources you've identified will fill in a content gap.

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