User:Lradcliffe03/Social media and the effects on American adolescents

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Negative impacts

Many research studies have also analyzed the negative effects of social media on adolescents’ mental health, however. In the same study conducted by Dr. Shapiro and Dr. Margolin, they discovered that social networking sites, such as Facebook, make it easier for adolescents to compare themselves to their peers. Based on the results of this research study, social comparison can have a strong negative impact on adolescents’ self-esteem. Self-report surveys revealed that the more time adolescents spent on Facebook, the more they believed others were better off or happier than themselves.

Along with accomplishments and happiness, physical attractiveness is also a significant aspect of social comparison. Preadolescence is a period when children start to become exposed to social media and is also a period when they start to develop body image concerns and depression. Since individuals posting on social media tend to only present the best version of themselves online, research has shown that this can cause adolescents to perceive others as more attractive than themselves. In the study administered by Dr. Shapiro and Dr. Margolin, female adolescents reported having a more negative body image after looking at beautiful photos of other women versus looking at less attractive photos on social media.

Young adults also seem to experience higher symptoms of anxiety as a result of attempting to keep up with social media’s warped beauty standards. Hawes et al. (2020) found that increased social media usage, along with trying to stay up-to-date with beauty and fashion trends, could be damaging to those who already struggle with body image issues.^[1] This study researched the relationship between social media use and maladjustment, focusing on appearance-related content and symptoms of anxiety. They had two hypotheses, one being that appearance-related (AR) social media preoccupation would correlate with more symptoms of depression and social anxiety, and the other being that AR social media preoccupation use intensifies the use of social media with appearance anxiety.^[1] They used 763 adolescents of mixed genders from ages 12-17. They also tested college students from ages 16-25. The participants completed surveys that inquired about social media use, symptoms of general anxiety, appearance anxiety, and depression.^[1] They found that social media use can be associated with worse emotional adjustment in adolescents and young adults as well as that appearance-related social media preoccupation elevated symptoms of appearance anxiety.^[1]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hawes, Tanya; Zimmer-Gembeck, Melanie J.; Campbell, Shawna M. (2020-06-01). "Unique associations of social media use and online appearance preoccupation with depression, anxiety, and appearance rejection sensitivity". Body Image. 33: 66–76. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.010. ISSN 1740-1445.

[:0-1] Hawes, Tanya; Zimmer-Gembeck, Melanie J.; Campbell, Shawna M. (2020-06-01). "Unique associations of social media use and online appearance preoccupation with depression, anxiety, and appearance rejection sensitivity". Body Image. 33: 66–76. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.010. ISSN 1740-1445.

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