- from substantial similarity - Generally, copying cannot be proven without some evidence of access; however, in the seminal case on striking similarity, Arnstein v. Porter, the Second Circuit stated that even absent a finding of access, copying can be established when the similarities between two works are "so striking as to preclude the possibility that the plaintiff and defendant independently arrived at the same result."[8]
Arnstein v. Porter 154 F.2d 464 (2d Cir. 1946)
- resources about the case
- http://mcir.usc.edu/cases/1940-1949/Pages/arnsteinporter.html
- http://www.invispress.com/law/copyright/arnstein.html
- http://www.coolcopyright.com/cases/chp5/arnsteinporter.htm
- articles about the case
- http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1704&context=plr Michelle V. Francis, Musical Copyright Infringement: The Replacement of Arnstein v. Porter - A More Comprehensive Use of Expert Testimony and the Implementation of an "Actual Audience" Test, 17 Pepperdine Law Review 2 (1990), http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/plr/vol17/iss2/6/