User:KBrill11/sandbox

Evaluate an Article:

Anchor Plates

• Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you? Everything in the article is relevant except for this sentence: In Roman technology, wooden tie-beams (or tie rods) were used between arches to negate the outward horizontal forces between them" the mention of roman technology is given without context to the anchor plate and is confusing as the opening sentence for the histories section. There should be some description of the tie rod as the origin (i'm assuming) of the anchor plate. There are a few technical terms such as "lateral bowing" that needed a link or some form of definition to help explain the structural function/relationship it is referring to.
• Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added? I don't think the information was out of date. I do think that a section drawing of the way an anchor plate functions would be extremely helpful as the structural support provided by it spans through different layers of the facade. A diagram showing the load paths that the plate is assisting with would also be helpful in reference to some of the comments made, for example: "connects between parallel walls at the floor-level, which creates a horizontal compression state, thereby increasing the wall's shear strength."
• What else could be improved? I think that having a definition section is a bit redundant and the some of the information could be added to the initial paragraph. I also think that some sort of evolution should be noted in the history section. While it is implied it is not explicitly stated, and I think that it might make the comments more clear in context of the discussion. Historic images could be added to the section as well to give context of the "tie-rods" mentioned. The comment about the pressure on the anchor plate, and optimal widths at the end of the history section seems out of place. In response to that there should be a section including the construction specifics where the section plan I mentioned above might be included, as well as some technical drawings or photos of the parts that make up the entire "tie-rod-and-plate assembly braces" referenced in the first paragraph.
  • Is the article neutral? Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position? The article is pretty neutral and seems fact based. I do not have any critiques regarding bias in the article.
  • Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented? I dont think there are any over or under presented viewpoints, however I think that some of the information could be expanded upon and more clearly put into context. Perhaps a photo of a full facade using anchor plates as a way to broaden the scope of use, and give an idea of the style of building associated with this construction element.

Sources Evaluation:

The Sources seem legitimate and unbiased, mostly coming from construction/architectural dictionaries or uses of engineering articles.

Perhaps a few more sources could have been used to see if more information could be found to enhance the existing text.

Talk Page:

Some of the people on the talk page are troubled by the terms mentioned as synonyms for the anchor plate such as "wall washer".

They also agree with my opinion that a photo clearly depicting the function of the anchor plate should be added, not just the "decorative star" photos.

Someone also mentioned that the reference to the "tie rod" in the history section was a bit besides the point and that a more clear connection should be made to the anchor plate, and more history on that term/structural element should be given.

Beton Brut Article: Final Project

copied from Béton brut

Edits to Existing Paragraph:

Definition

Béton brut is a french term that translates in English to “raw concrete”. The term is used to describe concrete that is left unfinished after being cast, displaying the patterns and seams imprinted on it by the formwork. Béton brut is not a material itself, but rather an architectural expression of concrete.

History

The use of béton brut was pioneered by modernist architects such as Auguste Perret and Le Corbusier. Le Corbusier coined the term béton brut during the construction of Unité d'Habitation in Marseille, France built in 1952. The term began to spread widely after the British architectural critic Reyner Banham used it in the title of his 1966 book, The New Brutalism: Ethic or Aesthetic?, to characterize a recent cluster of new architectural design, particularly in Europe. Béton brut became popular among modern architects, leading to the creation of the brutalist architecture style which thrived in the 1950s-1970's. Brutalism stems from the philosophies of Modern architecture that promote the truth to materials which is achieved by their raw expression. The essence of the philosophy is seen in the imperfections of béton brut which stem from the idea to create an aesthetic based on the exposure of a building’s components, including the frame, sheathing, and mechanical systems. The result is the visibility of the imprinted seams and construction methods of the formwork used to mold the concrete. This style of concrete is a part of structural expressionism which emerged as steel structures became more advanced and viable.

Fabrication

Closeup of board form concrete

After being cast, concrete will usually have a finishing treatment that smooths it's surface, ridding it of any imperfections. In the case of béton brut, the concrete is left unfinished, expressing the pattern left by the formwork. Formwork is used in concrete construction as the frame for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured to then harden and take on the desired shape. Aesthetic of concrete surfaces can be varied with different formwork shetting (e.g. board shuttering , smooth formwork, form liner, form moulds, filter fleeces). The type of material used to create the formwork (i.e. glass, wood, steel etc.) will have effects on the appearance of the final product. When Corbusier coined the term he was specifically responding to board-marked concrete which he used to construct many of his post-World War II buildings.

When the formwork is lined with wood it is called board form. When lumber is used to create the formwork, the concrete picks up the grain structure as it sets, resulting in a texture on the poured concrete that resembles the wood. It is important to use the same type of wood throughout the job, especially on larger buildings where the molds may get repeated uses because the lumber can absorb moisture which may possibly affect the color of the concrete. Other raw patterns can be created by using textured metal formwork, or having the aggregate bush or pick hammered. Wood-imprinted concrete is still popular in landscaping, especially in some of the western European countries.

Examples of béton brut seen at the Bauhaus Museum

Surface processing techniques (e.g. washed concrete surfaces, photo concrete, acidified surfaces) can also be used to create the aesthetic of béton brut. Particularly high quality poured concrete, achieved by leaving enough room between the formwork and the reinforcing bars for the concrete to flow freely, is called Sichtbeton in German, cemento a vista in Italian. This translates roughly into "concrete for viewing."

Example of large board form concrete formwork, constructed to create a complex concrete wall form with the raw concrete aesthetic of béton brut

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  Example of béton brut used for Rudolph Hall, The Yale School of Architecture in New Haven Connecticut
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  Example of béton brut at Paradise Place, the texture seen is representative of the formwork used to cast the concrete
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  Closeup of corrugated pattern used for béton brut
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  beton brut seen on the interior of Tadao Ando's Vitra Conference Pavillion
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  Whitney Museum of American Art, which is constructed in the brutalist style of modern architecture

Sources

"The Up-to-Date Method of Pouring Concrete." Scientific American115, no. 17 (October 21, 1916). Accessed November 8, 2018. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26016238.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:0a0d2f154ff2612efc42c492c6b99381.

Category:Concrete Category:Brutalist architecture Category:Architecture Category:Le Corbusier Category:Construction