In the wake of the halfhearted 1967 oil embargo (Saudi Arabia's oil production was up 9% for the year, completely ended at the Khartoum Conference, but mainly lasting only about 10 days, three of the (then) most conservative Arab oil states Kuwait, Libya and Saudi Arabia founded the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) aiming to separate oil production and sale from politics.
- J.B. Kelly (1980). Arabia, the Gulf and the West. Basic Books. ISBN 0465004164.