Jenwang14

Potential article topics:

Cytokines* (chosen)

Interleukin

IL-26

Bibliography: (5 sources)

1. Zhang, Jun-Ming; An, Jianxiong (2007-01-01). "Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain". International anesthesiology clinics 45 (2): 27–37.doi:10.1097/AIA.0b013e318034194e. ISSN 0020-5907.PMC 2785020. PMID 17426506.
2. Dinarello, Charles A. (2007-11-01). "Historical Review of Cytokines". European journal of immunology 37(Suppl 1): S34–S45. doi:10.1002/eji.200737772.ISSN 0014-2980. PMC 3140102. PMID 17972343 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140102/>
3. Lippitz, Bodo E. (2013-05-01). "Cytokine patterns in patients with cancer: a systematic review". The Lancet. Oncology 14 (6): e218–228. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70582-X. ISSN 1474-5488. PMID 23639322. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23639322>
4. Thieblemont, Nathalie; Wright, Helen L.; Edwards, Steven W.; Witko-Sarsat, Véronique (2016-03-29). "Human neutrophils in auto-immunity". Seminars in Immunology. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.004. ISSN 1096-3618. PMID 27036091. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27036091>
5. "Table of contents : Nature Reviews Focus on Cytokines and cytokine therapies". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2016-05-01. <http://www.nature.com/nri/focus/cytokines/index.html>

Other articles to look into for editing Cytokines.

"Just as specific cytokines and their neutralizing antibodies have been introduced into clinical trials for the treatment of stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, autoimmune diseases, wound healing, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, one could utilize local or systemic delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokines or inflammatory cytokine antagonists for the treatment of chronic pain. These specific cytokines or antagonists would act to disrupt the hyperexcitability cycle taking place in the sensory neurons, providing a new, non-opioid therapeutic approach for the treatment of pathological pain due to inflammation or peripheral nerve injury" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785020/ on cytokine mediated pain

"In order to mount and coordinate an effective immune response, a mechanism by which lymphocytes, inflammatory cells and haematopoietic cells can communicate with each other is required. Cytokines perform this function. Cytokines are a large, diverse family of small proteins or glycoproteins (usually smaller than 30 kDa). Although initially described for their immunomodulatory capabilities, additional roles separate from the immune system in developmental processes are also documented, such as cell differentiation and directed migration. Influencing both innate and adaptive immune responses, the two principal producers of cytokines are helper T cells (Th cells) and macrophages, although they can be transiently induced and secreted by virtually all nucleated cells.

The downstream effects of a particular cytokine occurs through its high-affinity binding of its receptor expressed on the surface of a target cell. This action may occur in an autocrine (acts on same cell),paracrine (acts on nearby cell) or endocrine (acts on distant cell; not the normal manner for cytokine responses) manner. Receptor engagement triggers intracellular signalling cascades leading to altered gene expression in the target cell, which lead to a biological effect (Figure 1). Differentiation, proliferation and activation of the target cell are all effects which can be detected after cytokine stimulation."

http://bitesized.immunology.org/receptors-and-molecules/cytokines/

Outline of current page:

Cytokines are a broad category of small proteins used in cell signaling. They are important in the immune system. Specific cytokine proteins were first discovered in the mid 1900s, and eventually the name “cytokine” was established to describe the broader class of proteins involved in self-defense. These proteins differ from hormones in that cytokines can change concentration dramatically (~1,000 fold) upon a triggering event, whereas hormone concentrations vary much less in magnitude (~10 fold). However, the line between hormone and cytokine remains unclear due to their overlapping performance and function.

There are three main classes of cytokines: lymphokines, interleukins and chemokines. Cytokines are named based on their function, secretor cell and target cell.