The Adobe Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) is a standard for processing and storing standardized and proprietary metadata, created by Adobe Systems Inc.
XMP standardizes the definition, creation, and processing of extensible metadata. Serialized XMP can be embedded into a significant number of popular file formats, without breaking their readability by non-XMP-aware applications. Embedding metadata ("the truth is in the file") avoids many problems that occur when metadata is stored separately.
XMP is used in PDF, photography and photo editing applications. It was first introduced by Adobe in April 2001 as part of the Adobe Acrobat 5.0 software product.
XMP Data Model
editXMP defines a metadata model that can be used with any defined set of metadata items. XMP also defines particular schemas for basic properties useful for recording the history of a resource as it passes through multiple processing steps, from being photographed, scanned, or authored as text, through photo editing steps (such as cropping or color adjustment), to assembly into a final image. XMP allows each software program or device along the way to add its own information to a digital resource, which can then be retained in the final digital file.
XMP records metadata in a syntax that forms a subset of the W3C Resource Description Framework (RDF), which is in turn expressed in XML.
Serialization of XMP
editEmbedding metadata in files allows easy sharing and transfer of files across products, vendors, platforms, without metadata getting lost; embedding avoids a multitude of problems coming from proprietary vendor-specific metadata databases.
The most common metadata tags recorded in XMP data are those from the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, which include things like title, description, creator, and so on. The standard is designed to be extensible, allowing users to add their own custom types of metadata into the XMP data. XMP generally does not allow binary data types to be embedded. This means that any binary data one wants to carry in XMP, such as thumbnail images, must be encoded in some XML-friendly format, such as Base64.
XMP can be used in PDF and other graphics formats, such as JPEG, JPEG 2000, GIF, PNG, HTML, TIFF, Adobe Illustrator, PSD, PostScript, and Encapsulated PostScript. In a typical edited JPEG file, XMP information is typically included alongside Exif and IPTC data.
XMP metadata can describe a document as a whole (the "main" metadata), but can also describe parts of a document, such as pages or included images. This architecture makes it possible to retain authorship and rights information about, for example, images included in a published document. Similarly, it permits documents created from several smaller documents to retain the original metadata associated with the parts.
XMP Support and Acceptance
editXMP Toolkit
editThe XMP Toolkit implements metadata handling in two libraries:
- XMPCore for creation and manipulation of metadata that follows the XMP Data Model
- XMPFiles for embedding serialized metadata in files, and for retrieving embedded metadata.
Adobe provides the XMP Toolkit free of charge unter a BSD license. The Toolkit includes specification and usage documents (PDFs), API documentation (doxygen/javadoc), C++ source code (XMPCore and XMPFiles) and Java source code (currently only XMPCore). XMPFiles is currently available as a C++ implementation in Windows and Mac OS only (not Unix/Linux, not Java).
Licensing
editAdobe has a trademark on XMP, and retains control over the specification.
Initially, Adobe released source code for the XMP SDK under a license called the ADOBE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED - OPEN SOURCE LICENSE. The compatibility of this license with the GNU General Public License has been questioned. [1] The license is not listed on the list maintained by the Open Source Initiative and is different from the licenses for most of their other open source software.[2]
On May 14, 2007, Adobe released the XMP Toolkit SDK under a standard BSD license.[3]
History
editIn June 21, 2004, Adobe announced its collaboration with the IPTC. In July 2004, a working group led by Adobe Systems' Gunar Penikis and IPTC's Michael Steidl was set up, and volunteers were recruited from AFP (Agence France-Presse), Associated Press, ControlledVocabulary.com, IDEAlliance, Mainichi Shimbun, Reuters, and others, to develop the new schema.
The "IPTC Core Schema for XMP" version 1.0 specification was released publicly on March 21, 2005. A set of custom panels for Adobe Photoshop CS can be downloaded from the IPTC. The package includes a User's Guide example photos with embedded XMP information, the specification document, and an implementation guide for developers. The "User's Guide to the IPTC Core" goes into detail about how each of the fields should be used and is also available directly as a PDF (see external links below). The next version of the Adobe Creative Suite (CS2) included these custom panels as part of its default set.
The Windows Photo Gallery, released with Windows Vista, offers support for the XMP standard, the first time Microsoft has released metadata compatibility beyond Exif.[1]
Location in File Types
editReferences
editSee also
editExternal links
edit- Adobe XMP Main Page
- XMP Specification September 2005
- XMP Information on coverpages.org
- creativecommons.org/technology/xmp
- Metadata section in the PDF 1.6 Language Reference
- IPTC4XMP (IPTC Core) standard
- Users Guide to the IPTC Core for XMP
- "Video Tutorials" that visually introduce the IPTC Core Schema for XMP
- How XMP-styled IPTC Core evolved from the legacy IPTC
- Guidelines for adding XMP and IPTC information (captions and keywords) to images - from ControlledVocabulary.com